Total negativity: characterizations and single-vector tests

DOI10.1016/J.BULSCI.2023.103284MaRDI QIDQ6105322zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Projesh Nath Choudhury

Publication date 9 June 2023

Published in Bulletin des Sciences Mathématiques (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.13384

zbMATH Keywords

interval hull of matriceslinear complementarity problemsign non-reversal propertytotally negative matrixtotally non-positive matrixvariation diminishing property

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Matrix equations and identities (15A24) Positive matrices and their generalizations; cones of matrices (15B48) Interval and finite arithmetic (65G30) Complementarity and equilibrium problems and variational inequalities (finite dimensions) (aspects of mathematical programming) (90C33)

Abstract: A matrix is called totally negative (totally non-positive) of order $k$, if all its minors of size at most $k$ are negative (non-positive). The objective of this article is to provide several novel characterizations of total negativity via the (a) sign non-reversal property, (b) variation diminishing property, and (c) Linear Complementarity Problem. More strongly, each of these three characterizations uses a single test vector. As an application of the sign non-reversal property, we study the interval hull of two rectangular matrices. In particular, we identify two matrices $C^{p}m(A,B)$ in the interval hull of matrices $A$ and $B$ that test total negativity of order $k$, simultaneously for the entire interval hull. We also show analogous characterizations for totally non-positive matrices. These novel characterizations may be considered similar in spirit to fundamental results characterizing totally positive matrices by Brown--Johnstone--MacGibbon [J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 1981] (see also Gantmacher--Krein, 1950), Choudhury--Kannan--Khare [Bull. London Math. Soc., 2021] and Choudhury [Bull. London Math. Soc., 2022]. Finally using a 1950 result of Gantmacher--Krein, we show that totally negative/non-positive matrices can not be detected by (single) test vectors from orthants other than the open bi-orthant that have coordinates with alternating signs, via the sign non-reversal property or the variation diminishing property.

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Cited in

(7)

• Characterization, perturbation, and interval property of certain sign regular matrices
• Efficient recognition of totally nonnegative matrix cells
• Sign non-reversal property for totally non-negative and totally positive matrices, and testing total positivity of their interval hull
• Characterizing total positivity: Single vector tests via linear complementarity, sign non‐reversal and variation diminution
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