Iterative square roots of functions

DOI10.1017/ETDS.2022.35zbMATH Open1525.39015arXiv2105.02171OpenAlexW3159948043WikidataQ114118591 ScholiaQ114118591MaRDI QIDQ6106089FDOQ6106089

Authors: B. V. Rajarama Bhat, Chaitanya Gopalakrishna 

Publication date: 27 June 2023

Published in: Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: An iterative square root of a function $f$ is a function $g$ such that $g(g(cdot))=f(cdot)$. We obtain new characterizations for detecting the non-existence of such square roots for self-maps on arbitrary sets. This is used to prove that continuous self-maps with no square roots are dense in the space of all continuous self-maps for various topological spaces. The spaces studied include those that are homeomorphic to the unit cube in ${mathbbR}^m$ and to the whole of $mathbb{R}^m$ for every positive integer $m.$ On the other hand, we also prove that every continuous self-map of a space homeomorphic to the unit cube in $mathbb{R}^m$ with a fixed point on the boundary can be approximated by iterative squares of continuous self-maps.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.02171

zbMATH Keywords

triangulationiterative square rootpiecewise affine linear

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Iteration theory, iterative and composite equations (39B12) Continuous maps (54C05) Dynamics in general topological spaces (37B02)

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