Indefinite Sturm-Liouville operators in polar form

Sturm-Liouville theory (34B24) Eigenfunctions, eigenfunction expansions, completeness of eigenfunctions of ordinary differential operators (34L10) Spaces with indefinite inner product (Kre?n spaces, Pontryagin spaces, etc.) (46C20) Linear symmetric and selfadjoint operators (unbounded) (47B25) Linear operators on spaces with an indefinite metric (47B50)

Abstract: We consider the indefinite Sturm-Liouville differential expression [ mathfrak{a}(f) := - frac{1}{w}left( frac{1}{r} f' ight)', ] where

m a t h f r a k a

is defined on a finite or infinite open interval

I

with

0 i n I

and the coefficients

r

and

w

which are locally summable and such that

r (x)

and

(o p e r a t o r n a m e s g n x) w (x)

are positive a.e. on

I

. With the differential expression

m a t h f r a k a

we associate a nonnegative self-adjoint operator

A

in the Krein space

L_{w}^{2} (I)

which is viewed as a coupling of symmetric operators in Hilbert spaces related to the intersections of

I

with the positive and the negative semi-axis. For the operator

A

we derive conditions in terms of the coefficients

w

and

r

for the existence of a Riesz basis consisting of generalized eigenfunctions of

A

and for the similarity of

A

to a self-adjoint operator in a Hilbert space

L_{| w |}^{2} (I)

. These results are obtained as consequences of abstract results about the regularity of critical points of nonnegative self-adjoint operators in Krein spaces which are couplings of two symmetric operators acting in Hilbert spaces.

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