Geometry of certain foliations on the complex projective plane

Abstract: Let

d g e q 2

be an integer. The set

m a t h b f F (d)

of foliations of degree

d

on the complex projective plane can be identified with a Zariski's open set of a projective space of dimension

d^{2} + 4 d + 2

on which

m a t h r m A u t (m a t h b b P_{m a t h b b C}^{2})

acts. We show that there are exactly two orbits

m a t h c a l O (m a t h c a l F_{1}^{d})

and

m a t h c a l O (m a t h c a l F_{2}^{d})

of minimal dimension

6

, necessarily closed in

m a t h b f F (d)

. This generalizes known results in degrees

2

and

3.

We deduce that an orbit

m a t h c a l O (m a t h c a l F)

of an element

m a t h c a l F i n m a t h b f F (d)

of dimension

7

is closed in

m a t h b f F (d)

if and only if

m a t h c a l F_{i}^{d} o t i n o v e r l i n e m a t h c a l O (m a t h c a l F)

for

i = 1, 2.

This allows us to show that in any degree

d g e q 3

there are closed orbits in

m a t h b f F (d)

other than the orbits

m a t h c a l O (m a t h c a l F_{1}^{d})

and

m a t h c a l O (m a t h c a l F_{2}^{d}),

unlike the situation in degree

2.

On the other hand, we introduce the notion of the basin of attraction

m a t h b f B (m a t h c a l F)

of a foliation

m a t h c a l F i n m a t h b f F (d)

as the set of

m a t h c a l G i n m a t h b f F (d)

such that

m a t h c a l F i n o v e r l i n e m a t h c a l O (m a t h c a l G) .

We show that the basin of attraction

m a t h b f B (m a t h c a l F_{1}^{d})

, resp.

m a t h b f B (m a t h c a l F_{2}^{d})

, contains a quasi-projective subvariety of

m a t h b f F (d)

of dimension greater than or equal to

d i m m a t h b f F (d) - (d - 1)

, resp.

d i m m a t h b f F (d) - (d - 3)

. In particular, we obtain that the basin

m a t h b f B (m a t h c a l F_{2}^{3})

contains a non-empty Zariski open subset of

m a t h b f F (3)

. This is an analog in degree

3

of a result on foliations of degree

2

due to Cerveau, D'eserti, Garba Belko and Meziani.

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