Trigonometric identities: from Hermite via Meijer, Nørlund, and Braaksma to Chu and Johnson and beyond

DOI10.1007/S40590-023-00518-YMaRDI QIDQ6133608zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors

Publication date 18 August 2023

Published in Boletín de la Sociedad Matemática Mexicana. Third Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.10333

zbMATH Keywords

Hermite's cotangent identitypartial fractionsine identitytrigonometric identitytrigonometric interpolationtrigonometric polynomial

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Exponential and trigonometric functions (33B10) Mittag-Leffler functions and generalizations (33E12) Functional equations for real functions (39B22) Interpolation in approximation theory (41A05) Trigonometric interpolation (42A15)

Abstract: Known already to the ancient Greeks, today trigonometric identities come in a large variety of tastes and flavours. In this large family there is a subfamily of interpolation-like identities discovered by Hermite and revived rather recently in two independent papers, one by Wenchang Chu and the other by Warren Johnson exploring various forms and generalizations of Hermite's results. The goal of this work inspired by these two articles is twofold. The first goal is to fill a gap in the references from the above papers and exhibit various trigonometric identities discovered by Meijer, N{o}rlund and Braaksma between 1940 and 1962 in the context of analytic continuation of Mellin-Barnes integrals and relations between different solutions of the generalized hypergeometric differential equation. Our second goal is to present some extensions of Chu's and Johnson's results by combining them with the ideas of Meijer and Braaksma adding certain sum manipulations and facts from the complex analysis. We unify and systematize various known and new identities and illustrate our results with numerous explicit examples.

Review text

In [\textit{W. Chu}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 136, No. 1, 229--237 (2008; Zbl 1141.42003)] a partial fraction expansion is given for an expression of the form \[\frac{P(e^{iz})}{\prod_{j=1}^n \sin(z-a_j)},\] where \(P\) is a Laurent polynomial of degree at most \(n\) and \(a_j\in\mathbb{R}\). Similar identities were discovered independently in [\textit{W. P. Johnson}, Am. Math. Mon. 117, No. 4, 311--327 (2010; Zbl 1205.42002)] where \(P(e^{iz})\) is replaced by \(F(\sin(z),\cos(z))\), with \(F\) some bivariate polynomial. Other such trigonometric identities inspired by classical results by Hermite were considered much earlier in [\textit{C. S. Meijer}, Nederl. Akad. Wet., Proc. 49, 227--237, 344--356, 457--469, 632--641, 765--772, 936--943, 1063--1072, 1165--1175 (1946); Indag. Math. 8, 124--134, 213--225, 312--324, 391--400, 468--475, 595--602, 661--670, 713--723 (1946; Zbl 0060.19901); \textit{N. E. Nørlund}, Acta Math. 94, 289--349 (1955; Zbl 0067.29402); \textit{B. L. J. Braaksma}, Compos. Math. 15, 239--341 (1963; Zbl 0129.28604)]. In this survey-like paper, the authors explain first the link among the results in the three older papers by C. S. Meijer, N. E. Nørlund, and B. L. J. Braaksma, and then the link among the identities in the papers by W. Chu and by W. P. Johnson. As a consequence of this connections some new generalizations can be obtained by manipulation of the summations along with some tools from complex analysis.

Recommendations

• Trigonometric Identities à la Hermite
• On sums of certain trigonometric series
• Trigonometric sums by Hermite interpolations
• Hypergeometric differential equation and new identities for the coefficients of Nørlund and Bühring
• Partial fraction decompositions and trigonometric sum identities

Cites work

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Cited in

(1)

• Trigonometric Identities à la Hermite

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