On sparsity of representations of polynomials as linear combinations of exponential functions

Abstract: Given an integer

g

and also some given integers

m

(sufficiently large) and

c_{1}, d o t s, c_{m}

, we show that the number of all non-negative integers

n l e M

with the property that there exist non-negative integers

k_{1}, d o t s, k_{m}

such that

n^2=sum_{i=1}^m c_i g^{k_i}

is

o l e f t (l e f t (l o g M i g h t)^{m - 1 / 2} i g h t)

. We also obtain a similar bound when dealing with more general inequalities

left|Q(n)-sum_{i=1}^m c_ilambda^{k_i} ight|le B,

where

Q i n m a t h b b C [X]

and also

l a m b d a i n m a t h b b C

(while

B

is a real number).

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