Long-Time Relaxation of a Finite Spin Bath Linearly Coupled to a Qubit

DOI10.1142/S1230161223500099arXiv2305.08692OpenAlexW4384567643MaRDI QIDQ6136071FDOQ6136071

Authors: J. P. Pekola, M. Cattaneo, Sabrina Maniscalco 

Publication date: 28 August 2023

Published in: Open Systems & Information Dynamics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We discuss the long-time relaxation of a qubit linearly coupled to a finite bath of $N$ spins (two-level systems, TLSs), with the interaction Hamiltonian in rotating wave approximation. We focus on the regime $Ngg1$, assuming that the qubit-bath coupling is weak, that the range of spin frequencies is sufficiently broad, and that all the spins are initialized in the ground state. Despite the model being perfectly integrable, we make two interesting observations about the effective system relaxation. First, as one would expect, the qubit relaxes exponentially towards its zero-temperature state at a well characterized rate. Second, the bath spins, even when mutually coupled, do not relax towards a thermal distribution, but rather form a Lorentzian distribution peaked at the frequency of the initially excited qubit. This behavior is captured by an analytical approximation that makes use of the property $Ngg1$ to treat the TLS frequencies as a continuum and is confirmed by our numerical simulations.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.08692

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zbMATH Keywords

quantum thermalizationfinite bathsspin bathssuperconducting qubit decay

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Classical and relativistic thermodynamics (80A10) General and philosophical questions in quantum theory (81P05) Spinor and twistor methods applied to problems in quantum theory (81R25) Statistical mechanics of superconductors (82D55) Special quantum systems, such as solvable systems (81Q80) Mathematical modeling or simulation for problems pertaining to quantum theory (81-10) Quantum gates (81P65) Particle decays (81U90)

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• Open quantum systems. An introduction.
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Cited In (2)

• Long coherence times for edge spins
• A quantum relaxation-time approximation for finite fermion systems

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