The Schwarzian octahedron recurrence (dSKP equation) I: explicit solutions

DOI10.5070/C63261993MaRDI QIDQ6138915zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Béatrice de Tilière, Paul Melotti

Publication date 16 December 2023

Published in Combinatorial Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.00239

zbMATH Keywords

discrete geometryprojective geometryintegrable systemalgebraic entropydimer modellimit shapesAztec diamondspanning forestsoctahedron recurrencediscrete KP equation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Completely integrable infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, integration methods, integrability tests, integrable hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.) (37K10) Lattice systems (Ising, dimer, Potts, etc.) and systems on graphs arising in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B20) Exactly solvable models; Bethe ansatz (82B23) Lattice dynamics; integrable lattice equations (37K60)

Abstract: We prove an explicit expression for the solutions of the discrete Schwarzian octahedron recurrence, also known as the discrete Schwarzian KP equation (dSKP), as the ratio of two partition functions. Each one counts weighted oriented dimer configurations of an associated bipartite graph, and is equal to the determinant of a Kasteleyn matrix. This is in the spirit of Speyer's result on the dKP equation, or octahedron recurrence [Spe07]. One consequence is that dSKP has zero algebraic entropy, meaning that the growth of the degrees of the polynomials involved is only polynomial. There are cancellations in the partition function, and we prove an alternative, cancellation free explicit expression involving complementary trees and forests. Using all of the above, we show several instances of the Devron property for dSKP, i.e., that certain singularities in initial data repeat after a finite number of steps. This has many applications for discrete geometric systems and is the subject of the companion paper [AdTM22]. We also prove limit shape results analogous to the arctic circle of the Aztec diamond. Finally, we discuss the combinatorics of all the other octahedral equations in the classification of Adler, Bobenko and Suris [ABS12].

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