u-generation: solving systems of polynomials equation-by-equation

DOI10.1007/S11075-023-01590-1MaRDI QIDQ6140899zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Timothy Duff, Anton Leykin, Jose Israel Rodriguez

Publication date 22 January 2024

Published in Numerical Algorithms (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.02869

zbMATH Keywords

numerical algebraic geometryregenerationsolving polynomials

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Geometric aspects of numerical algebraic geometry (14Q65) Numerical computation of solutions to systems of equations (65H10) Global methods, including homotopy approaches to the numerical solution of nonlinear equations (65H20) Symbolic computation and algebraic computation (68W30)

Abstract: We develop a new method that improves the efficiency of equation-by-equation algorithms for solving polynomial systems. Our method is based on a novel geometric construction, and reduces the total number of homotopy paths that must be numerically continued. These improvements may be applied to the basic algorithms of numerical algebraic geometry in the settings of both projective and multiprojective varieties. Our computational experiments demonstrate significant savings obtained on several benchmark systems. We also present an extended case study on maximum likelihood estimation for rank-constrained symmetric $nimesn$ matrices, in which multiprojective $u$-generation allows us to complete the list of ML degrees for $nle6.$

Review text

In this article, the authors develop a new one-stage procedure dubbed \textit{u-generation} for a step in the equation-by-equation cascade. The core is a geometric construction that relies on a homotopy in \(P^{n+1}\), thus introducing one new variable \(u\). The new method improves the efficiency of equation-by-equation homotopy continuation methods for solving polynomial systems. These improvements may be applied to the basic algorithms of numerical algebraic geometry in the settings of both projective and multiprojective varieties. In Section 3, the authors extend the approach, albeit in a nontrivial way, to multihomogeneous systems: homotopies are transplanted from \(P^{n_1}\times \cdots \times P^{n_k}\) to \(P^{n_1+1}\times \cdots \times P^{n_k+1}\). The computational experiments demonstrate significant savings obtained on several benchmark systems. The authors also present an extended case study on maximum likelihood estimation for rank-constrained symmetric \(n\times n\) matrices, in which multiprojective u-generation allows us to complete the list of ML degrees for \(n = 6\).

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