Thermodynamic solution of the homogeneity, isotropy and flatness puzzles (and a clue to the cosmological constant)

DOI10.1016/J.PHYSLETB.2024.138442MaRDI QIDQ6154825zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Latham Boyle, N. Turok

Publication date 12 March 2024

Published in Physics Letters B (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.01142

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum theory (81-XX) Relativity and gravitational theory (83-XX)

Abstract: We obtain the analytic solution of the Friedmann equation for fully realistic cosmologies including radiation, non-relativistic matter, a cosmological constant $lambda$ and arbitrary spatial curvature $kappa$. The general solution for the scale factor $a(au)$, with $au$ the conformal time, is an elliptic function, meromorphic and doubly periodic in the complex $au$-plane, with one period along the real $au$-axis, and the other along the imaginary $au$-axis. The periodicity in imaginary time allows us to compute the thermodynamic temperature and entropy of such spacetimes, just as Gibbons and Hawking did for black holes and the de Sitter universe. The gravitational entropy favors universes like our own which are spatially flat, homogeneous, and isotropic, with a small positive cosmological constant.

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(3)

• Dispersive Friedmann universes and synchronization
• Fingerprints of a non-inflationary universe from massive fields
• Quintessence: an analytical study, with theoretical and observational applications

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