The scaling of primordial gauge fields

DOI10.1016/J.PHYSLETB.2023.137967zbMATH Open1523.83057arXiv2212.07929OpenAlexW4377115397MaRDI QIDQ6156478FDOQ6156478

Authors: Massimo Giovannini 

Publication date: 13 June 2023

Published in: Physics Letters B (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The large-scale magnetic fields arising from the quantum mechanical fluctuations of the hypercharge are investigated when the evolution of the gauge coupling is combined with a sufficiently long inflationary stage. In this framework the travelling waves associated with the quantum mechanical initial conditions turn asymptotically into standing waves which are the gauge analog of the Sakharov oscillations. Even if the rate of dilution of the hypermagnetic and hyperelectric fields seems to be superficially smaller than expected from the covariant conservation of the energy-momentum tensor, the standard evolution for wavelengths larger than the Hubble radius fully accounts for this anomalous scaling which is anyway unable to increase the amplitude of the magnetic power spectra after symmetry breaking. An effective amplification of the gauge power spectra may instead occur when the post-inflationary expansion rate is slower than radiation. We stress that the modulations of the gauge power spectra freeze as soon as the relevant wavelengths reenter the Hubble radius and not at the end of inflation. After the Mpc scale crosses the comoving Hubble radius the scaling of the magnetic power spectrum follows from the dominance of the conductivity. From these two observations the late-time values of the magnetic power spectra are accurately computed in the case of a nearly scale-invariant slope and contrasted with the situation where the phases of Sakharov oscillations are not evaluated at horizon crossing but at the end of inflation, i.e. when all the wavelengths relevant for magnetogenesis are still larger than the comoving horizon.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.07929

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Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Numerical computation of matrix norms, conditioning, scaling (65F35) Oscillation, zeros of solutions, mean value theorems, etc. in context of PDEs (35B05) Traveling wave solutions (35C07) Spectrum, resolvent (47A10) Symmetry breaking in quantum theory (81R40) Yang-Mills and other gauge theories in quantum field theory (81T13) Anomalies in quantum field theory (81T50) Unified quantum theories (81V22) Geometrodynamics and the holographic principle (83E05)

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Cited In (5)

• Imprints of Schwinger effect on primordial spectra
• Primordial fluctuations of scale factor in closed Universe in Einstein–Cartan gravity
• Primordial spectrum of gauge fields from inflation
• Resonant amplification of gauge fields in expanding universe
• Entropy perturbations and large-scale magnetic fields

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