Kim-independence in positive logic

DOI10.2140/MT.2022.1.55arXiv2105.07788OpenAlexW4286386232MaRDI QIDQ6156873FDOQ6156873

Authors: Jan Dobrowolski, Mark Kamsma 

Publication date: 19 June 2023

Published in: Model Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: An important dividing line in the class of unstable theories is being NSOP${}_1$, which is more general than being simple. In NSOP${}_1$ theories forking independence may not be as well-behaved as in stable or simple theories, so it is replaced by another independence notion, called Kim-independence. We generalise Kim-independence over models in NSOP${}_1$ theories to positive logic -- a proper generalisation of first-order logic where negation is not built in, but can be added as desired. For example, an important application is that we can add hyperimaginary sorts to a positive theory to get another positive theory, preserving NSOP${}_1$ and various other properties. We prove that, in a thick positive NSOP${}_1$ theory, Kim-independence over existentially closed models has all the nice properties that it is known to have in a first-order NSOP${}_1$ theory. We also provide a Kim-Pillay style theorem, characterising which thick positive theories are NSOP${}_1$ by the existence of a certain independence relation. Furthermore, this independence relation must then be the same as Kim-independence. Thickness is the mild assumption that being an indiscernible sequence is type-definable. In first-order logic Kim-independence is defined in terms of Morley sequences in global invariant types. These may not exist in thick positive theories. We solve this by working with Morley sequences in global Lascar-invariant types, which do exist in thick positive theories. We also simplify certain tree constructions that were used in the study of Kim-independence in first-order theories. In particular, we only work with trees of finite height.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.07788

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zbMATH Keywords

positive logicKim-dividingKim-independence\(\mathrm{NSOP}_1\) theory

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Classification theory, stability, and related concepts in model theory (03C45) Quantifier elimination, model completeness, and related topics (03C10)

Cites Work

• Simple theories
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• Positive Jonsson theories
• Thickness, and a categoric view of type-space functors
• Independence over arbitrary sets in \(\mathrm{NSOP}_1\) theories
• FORKING, IMAGINARIES, AND OTHER FEATURES OF
• Generic expansions by a reduct
• Local character of Kim-independence
• WEAK CANONICAL BASES IN NSOP THEORIES
• Spaces of types in positive model theory

Cited In (3)

• Independence relations for exponential fields
• Positive indiscernibles
• The amalgamation property for automorphisms of ordered abelian groups

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