Prime power residue and linear coverings of vector space over F_q

Abstract: Let

q

be an odd prime and

B = {b_{j}}_{j = 1}^{l}

be a finite set of nonzero integers that does not contain a perfect

q^{t h}

power. We show that

B

has a

q^{t h}

power modulo every prime

p e q q

and not dividing

p r o d_{b i n B} b

if and only if

B

corrresponds to a linear hyperplane covering of

m a t h b b F_{q}^{k}

. Here,

k

is the number of distinct prime factors of the

q

-free part of elements of

B

. Consequently:

(i)

a set

B s u b s e t m a t h b b Z s e t m i n u s 0

with cardinality less than

q + 1

cannot have a

q^{t h}

power modulo almost every prime unless it contains a perfect

q^{t h}

power and

(i i)

For every set

B = {b_{j}}_{j = 1}^{l} s u b s e t m a t h b b Z s e t m i n u s 0

and for every

the set

B

contains a

q^{t h}

power modulo every prime

p e q q

and not dividing

p r o d_{j = 1}^{l}

if and only if the set

{b_{j}^{c_{j}}}_{j = 1}^{l}

does so.

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