Lower bounds for regulators of number fields in terms of their discriminants

Abstract: We prove inequalities that compare the regulator of a number field with its absolute discriminant. We refine some ideas in Silverman's work in 1984 where such general inequalities are first proven. In order to prove our main theorems, we combine these refinements with the authors' recent results on bounding the product of heights of relative units in a number field extension.

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The authors improve Silverman's lower bound on the regulator of a number field in terms of its discriminant. Let \(k\) be a number field of degree \(d\). Denote by \(r(k)\) the rank of its unit group, by \(\rho(k)\) the maximum of \(r(k')\) over all subfields \(k'\subsetneq k\), by \(Reg(k)\) its regulator and by \(D_k\) its discriminant. Recall that \textit{J. H. Silverman} established in [J. Number Theory 19, 437--442 (1984; Zbl 0552.12003)] that: \[ c_d\log(\gamma_d D_k)^{r(k)-\rho(k)} < \mathrm{Reg}(k), \] where \(c_d=2^{-4d^2}\) and \(\gamma_d=d^{-d^{\log_2(8d)}}\). If \(k\) is a CM field, then \(r(k)=\rho(k)\) and the lower bound is improved by \textit{E. Friedman}'s result [Invent. Math. 98, No. 3, 599--622 (1989; Zbl 0694.12006)]. In this article, the following improvement is obtained for a non-CM number field \(k\), with \(d\geq 3\) and \(r=r(k)\): \[ \frac{(2r)!}{(r!)^3}\bigg(\frac{\log\log d}{2\log d}\bigg)^{3\rho(k)}\bigg(\frac{\log(\gamma_dD_k)}{4d}\bigg)^{r-\rho(k)}\leq \mathrm{Reg}(k). \]

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