A convergent inflation hierarchy for quantum causal structures

DOI10.1007/S00220-023-04697-7zbMATH Open1529.83085arXiv2110.14659OpenAlexW3209670570MaRDI QIDQ6164335FDOQ6164335

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Publication date: 28 July 2023

Published in: Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: A causal structure is a description of the functional dependencies between random variables. A distribution is compatible with a given causal structure if it can be realized by a process respecting these dependencies. Deciding whether a distribution is compatible with a structure is a practically and fundamentally relevant, yet very difficult problem. Only recently has a general class of algorithms been proposed: These so-called inflation techniques associate to any causal structure a hierarchy of increasingly strict compatibility tests, where each test can be formulated as a computationally efficient convex optimization problem. Remarkably, it has been shown that in the classical case, this hierarchy is complete in the sense that each non-compatible distribution will be detected at some level of the hierarchy. An inflation hierarchy has also been formulated for causal structures that allow for the observed classical random variables to arise from measurements on quantum states - however, no proof of completeness of this quantum inflation hierarchy has been supplied. In this paper, we construct a first version of the quantum inflation hierarchy that is provably convergent. From a technical point of view, convergence proofs are built on de Finetti Theorems, which show that certain symmetries (which can be imposed in convex optimization problems) imply independence of random variables (which is not directly a convex constraint). A main technical ingredient to our proof is a Quantum de Finetti Theorem that holds for general tensor products of $C^{\ast }$-algebras, generalizing previous work that was restricted to minimal tensor products.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.14659

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Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Measures of association (correlation, canonical correlation, etc.) (62H20) Causal inference from observational studies (62D20) Quantum computation (81P68) Applications of commutative algebra (e.g., to statistics, control theory, optimization, etc.) (13P25) Spaces of operators; tensor products; approximation properties (46B28) Quantum measurement theory, state operations, state preparations (81P15) Quantum coherence, entanglement, quantum correlations (81P40) Unified quantum theories (81V22) Geometrodynamics and the holographic principle (83E05)

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Cited In (4)

• State polynomials: positivity, optimization and nonlinear Bell inequalities
• From classical infinite space-time CA to a hybrid CA model for natural sciences modeling
• Convergence of dynamics on inductive systems of Banach spaces
• The inflation hierarchy and the polarization hierarchy are complete for the quantum bilocal scenario

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