A universal sequence of integers generating balanced Steinhaus figures modulo an odd number

DOI10.1016/J.JCTA.2010.06.005zbMATH Open1233.11025arXiv0908.2516OpenAlexW2022970874WikidataQ114162747 ScholiaQ114162747MaRDI QIDQ616459FDOQ616459

Authors: Jonathan Chappelon 

Publication date: 7 January 2011

Published in: Journal of Combinatorial Theory. Series A (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: In this paper, we partially solve an open problem, due to J.C. Molluzzo in 1976, on the existence of balanced Steinhaus triangles modulo a positive integer $n$, that are Steinhaus triangles containing all the elements of $mathbbZ/nmathbbZ$ with the same multiplicity. For every odd number $n$, we build an orbit in $mathbbZ/nmathbbZ$, by the linear cellular automaton generating the Pascal triangle modulo $n$, which contains infinitely many balanced Steinhaus triangles. This orbit, in $mathbbZ/nmathbbZ$, is obtained from an integer sequence called the universal sequence. We show that there exist balanced Steinhaus triangles for at least $2/3$ of the admissible sizes, in the case where $n$ is an odd prime power. Other balanced Steinhaus figures, such as Steinhaus trapezoids, generalized Pascal triangles, Pascal trapezoids or lozenges, also appear in the orbit of the universal sequence modulo $n$ odd. We prove the existence of balanced generalized Pascal triangles for at least $2/3$ of the admissible sizes, in the case where $n$ is an odd prime power, and the existence of balanced lozenges for all admissible sizes, in the case where $n$ is a square-free odd number.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/0908.2516

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zbMATH Keywords

balanced Steinhaus figureSteinhaus figureSteinhaus triangleuniversal sequence

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Permutations, words, matrices (05A05) Other combinatorial number theory (11B75)

Cites Work

• Symmetric patterns in the cellular automaton that generates Pascal's triangle modulo 2
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• Symmetries in Steinhaus Triangles and in Generalized Pascal Triangles
• On a problem of Molluzzo concerning Steinhaus triangles in finite cyclic groups
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• Steinhaus graphs
• On a Problem of Steinhaus Concerning Binary Sequences
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• Zero-sum balanced binary sequences
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Cited In (7)

• Steinhaus Triangles Generated by Vectors of the Canonical Bases
• On a problem of Molluzzo concerning Steinhaus triangles in finite cyclic groups
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• On a Problem of Steinhaus Concerning Binary Sequences
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Balanced simplices
• Symmetric binary Steinhaus triangles and parity-regular Steinhaus graphs

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