A product formula for homogeneous characteristic functions

associator defect spaces equivariant model theory homogeneous operators Möbius group projective representations pure contractions Sz.-Nagy-Foias characteristic function

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Projective representations and multipliers (20C25) Dilations, extensions, compressions of linear operators (47A20) Canonical models for contractions and nonselfadjoint linear operators (47A45) Operator colligations (= nodes), vessels, linear systems, characteristic functions, realizations, etc. (47A48) Cowen-Douglas operators (47B13) Linear operators in reproducing-kernel Hilbert spaces (including de Branges, de Branges-Rovnyak, and other structured spaces) (47B32)

Abstract: A bounded linear operator

T

on a Hilbert space is said to be homogeneous if

v a r p h i (T)

is unitarily equivalent to

T

for all

v a r p h i

in the group M"{o}b of bi-holomorphic automorphisms of the unit disc. A projective unitary representation

s i g m a

of M"{o}b is said to be associated with an operator T if

v a r p h i (T) = s i g m a (v a r p h i)^{s} t a r T s i g m a (v a r p h i)

for all

v a r p h i

in M"{o}b. In this paper, we develop a M"{o}bius equivariant version of the Sz.-Nagy--Foias model theory for completely non-unitary (cnu) contractions. As an application, we prove that if T is a cnu contraction with associated (projective unitary) representation

s i g m a

, then there is a unique projective unitary representation

h a t s i g m a

, extending

s i g m a

, associated with the minimal unitary dilation of

T

. The representation

h a t s i g m a

is given in terms of

s i g m a

by the formula

hat{sigma} = (pi otimes D_1^+) oplus sigma oplus (pi_star otimes D_1^-),

where

D_{1}^{p} m

are the two Discrete series representations (one holomorphic and the other anti-holomorphic) living on the Hardy space

H^{2} (m a t h b b D)

, and

p i, p i_{s} t a r

are representations of M"{o}b living on the two defect spaces of

T

defined explicitly in terms of

s i g m a

. Moreover, a cnu contraction

T

has an associated representation if and only if its Sz.-Nagy--Foias characteristic function

h e t a_{T}

has the product form

h e t a_{T} (z) = p i_{s} t a r (v a r p h i_{z})^{*} h e t a_{T} (0) p i (v a r p h i_{z}),

z i n m a t h b b D

, where

v a r p h i_{z}

is the involution in M"{o}b mapping

z

to

0.

We obtain a concrete realization of this product formula %the two representations

p i_{s} t a r

and

p i

for a large subclass of homogeneous cnu contractions from the Cowen-Douglas class.

Review text

Denote by \(\mathrm{Aut}(\mathbb{D})\) the Möbius group of all bi-holomorphic self-maps of the unit disc \(\mathbb{D}\). A~projective unitary representation \(\sigma\) of \(\mathrm{Aut}(\mathbb{D})\) on a Hilbert space \(H\) is a Borel function \(\sigma : \mathrm{Aut}(\mathbb{D}) \rightarrow \mathcal{U}(H)\) (where \(\mathcal{U}(H)\) is the topological group of unitary operators on \(H\)), satisfying \(\sigma (\operatorname{id}) = I\), for which there is a function \(m : \mathrm{Aut}(\mathbb{D}) \times \mathrm{Aut}(\mathbb{D}) \rightarrow \mathbb{T}\) satisfying \[ \sigma(\varphi_1 \varphi_2) = m(\varphi_1, \varphi_2) \sigma(\varphi_1) \sigma(\varphi_2) \quad (\varphi_1, \varphi_2 \in \mathrm{Aut}(\mathbb{D})). \] We say that a projective unitary representation \(\sigma \in \mathrm{Aut}(\mathbb{D})\) is associated with a bounded linear operator \(T\) if \(\varphi(T) = \sigma(\varphi)^* T \sigma(\varphi)\) for all \(\varphi \in \mathrm{Aut}(\mathbb{D})\). A bounded linear operator \(T\) on a Hilbert space is said to be homogeneous if \(\varphi(T)\) is unitarily equivalent to \(T\) for all \(\varphi \in \mathrm{Aut}(\mathbb{D})\) [\textit{G. Misra}, Integral Equations Oper. Theory 9, 452--459 (1986; Zbl 0597.47015)]. The celebrated theory of Sz.-Nagy and Foias states that a completely nonunitary contraction can be treated as a compression of a multiplication operator on function Hilbert spaces, allowing a functional model. The model is the result of isometric and unitary dilations. The paper under review connects the above concepts with the model theory of contractions and presents some definite applications. For instance, given a completely nonunitary contraction \(T\) with associated projective unitary representation \(\sigma\), there exists a unique projective unitary representation \(\hat{\sigma}\), extending \(\sigma\), associated with the minimal unitary dilation of \(T\). Moreover, \(\hat{\sigma}\) is admits a neat form: \[ \hat{\sigma} = (\pi \oplus D_1^+) \oplus \sigma \oplus (\pi_* \otimes D_1^-), \] where \(D_1^{\pm}\) are two unitary representations (one holomorphic and the other anti-holomorphic) on the Hardy space over the open unit disc, and \(\pi\) and \(\pi_*\) are representations of \(\mathrm{Aut}(\mathbb{D})\) on the two defect spaces of \(T\) defined explicitly in terms of \(\sigma\). Moreover, associated representations of contractions on Hilbert spaces have been connected with a product formula of the classical Sz.-Nagy-Foias characteristic functions.

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