Stability theorems for H-type Carnot groups

DOI10.1007/S12220-023-01359-XarXiv2208.04925WikidataQ121743562 ScholiaQ121743562MaRDI QIDQ6169171FDOQ6169171

Jeremy T. Tyson

Publication date: 14 August 2023

Published in: The Journal of Geometric Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We introduce the H-type deviation $delta(mathbbG)$ of a step two Carnot group $mathbbG$, which measures the deviation of the group from the class of Heisenberg-type groups. We show that $delta(mathbbG)=0$ if and only if $mathbbG$ carries a vertical metric which endows it with the structure of an H-type group. We compute the H-type deviation for several naturally occurring families of step two groups. In addition, we provide analytic expressions which are comparable to the H-type deviation. As a consequence, we establish new analytic characterizations for the class of H-type groups. For instance, denoting by $N(g)=(||x|{|}_h^4+16||t|{|}_v^2{)}^{1/4}$, $g=exp(x+t)$, the canonical Kaplan-type quasi-norm in a step two group $mathbbG$ with taming Riemannian metric $g_{h}oplus{g}_v$, we show that $mathbbG$ is H-type if and only if $||abl{a}_{0}N(g)|{|}_h^2=||x|{|}_h^2/N(g{)}^2$ for all $ge0$. Similarly, we show that $mathbbG$ is H-type if and only if $N^{2-Q}$ is $mathcalL$-harmonic in $mathbbGsetminus0$. Here $abl{a}_0$ denotes the horizontal differential operator, $mathcalL$ the canonical sub-Laplacian, and $Q=dim{mathfrakv}_1+2dim{mathfrakv}_2$ the homogeneous dimension of $mathbbG$, where ${mathfrakv}_{1}oplus{mathfrakv}_2$ is the stratification of the Lie algebra. It is well-known that H-type groups satisfy both of these analytic conclusions. The new content of these results lies in the converse directions. Motivation for this work comes from a longstanding conjecture regarding polarizable Carnot groups. We formulate a quantitative stability conjecture regarding the fundamental solution for the sub-Laplacian on step two Carnot groups. Its validity would imply that all step two polarizable groups admit an H-type group structure. We confirm this conjecture for a sequence of anisotropic Heisenberg groups.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.04925

zbMATH Keywords

Carnot groupssub-LaplacianHeisenberg-type groups

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Solvable, nilpotent (super)algebras (17B30) Lie algebras of Lie groups (22E60) Sub-Riemannian geometry (53C17) PDEs on Heisenberg groups, Lie groups, Carnot groups, etc. (35R03)

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Cited In (3)

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