Existence of Rotating Stars with Variable Entropy

Existence problems for PDEs: global existence, local existence, non-existence (35A01) Perturbations in context of PDEs (35B20) Bifurcations in context of PDEs (35B32) Smoothness and regularity of solutions to PDEs (35B65) Euler equations (35Q31) PDEs in connection with fluid mechanics (35Q35) PDEs in connection with astronomy and astrophysics (35Q85) Free boundary problems for PDEs (35R35) Existence, uniqueness, and regularity theory for incompressible inviscid fluids (76B03) Gas dynamics (general theory) (76N15) General theory of rotating fluids (76U05) Hydrodynamic and hydromagnetic problems in astronomy and astrophysics (85A30)

Abstract: We model a rotating star as a compressible fluid subject to gravitational forces. In almost all the mathematical literature the entropy is considered to be constant. Here we allow it to be variable. We consider a star that steadily rotates differentially around a fixed axis, say the

z

-axis. We prove the existence of a family of such stars with small angular velocity

o m e g a

and small entropy variation

s

and with an equation of state

p = K e^{s} h o^{g} a m m a

. Our analysis reduces to a hyperbolic equation for the modified entropy coupled to an elliptic equation for the modified density, together with a mass constraint. Due to the variable entropy and the consequent loss of both regularity and variational structure, all the methods in the previous literature fail. We develop a new ad hoc perturbative strategy that allows us to construct rotating stars that bifurcate from the non-rotating ones.

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