Dynamical friction in gravitational atoms

DOI10.1088/1475-7516/2023/07/070MaRDI QIDQ6175033zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Gianfranco Bertone

Publication date 17 August 2023

Published in Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.15460

zbMATH Keywords

axionsbinariesblack holesgravitational wavessuperradiance

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Equations of motion in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C10) Gravitational waves (83C35) Black holes (83C57)

Abstract: Due to superradiant instabilities, clouds of ultralight bosons can spontaneously grow around rotating black holes, creating so-called "gravitational atoms". In this work, we study their dynamical effects on binary systems. We first focus on open orbits, showing that the presence of a cloud can increase the cross section for the dynamical capture of a compact object by more than an order of magnitude. We then consider closed orbits and demonstrate that the backreaction of the cloud's ionization on the orbital motion should be identified as dynamical friction. Finally, we study for the first time eccentric and inclined orbits. We find that, while ionization quickly circularizes the binary, it barely affects the inclination angle. These results enable a more realistic description of the dynamics of gravitational atoms in binaries and pave the way for dedicated searches with future gravitational wave detectors.

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Cited in

(5)

• Axion cloud decay due to the axion-photon conversion with multi-pole background magnetic fields
• Stationary scalar clouds around Kerr-Newman black holes
• Black holes as laboratories: searching for ultralight fields
• A multi-parameter expansion for the evolution of asymmetric binaries in astrophysical environments
• Superfluid dark matter

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