Existence of a phase transition in harmonic activation and transport

DOI10.1214/23-EJP1004MaRDI QIDQ6177565zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors

Publication date 17 January 2024

Published in Electronic Journal of Probability (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.13893

zbMATH Keywords

harmonic measureMarkov chainphase transitionrandom walk

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Discrete potential theory (31C20) Sums of independent random variables; random walks (60G50) Markov chains (discrete-time Markov processes on discrete state spaces) (60J10) Dynamics of random walks, random surfaces, lattice animals, etc. in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C41)

Abstract: Harmonic activation and transport (HAT) is a stochastic process that rearranges finite subsets of $mathbb{Z}^d$, one element at a time. Specifically, HAT is a Markov chain with the following dynamics. Given a finite $Usubsetmathbb{Z}^d$ with at least two elements, HAT removes $x$ from $U$ according to the harmonic measure of $x$ in $U$, and then adds $y$ according to the probability that random walk from $x$, conditioned to hit the remaining set, leaves from $y$ when it first does so. In particular, HAT conserves the number of elements in $U$. We study the classification of HAT as recurrent or transient, as the dimension $d$ and number of elements $n$ in the initial set vary. It was recently proved that the stationary distribution of HAT (on certain equivalence classes of sets) exists when $d=2$, for every number of elements $ngeq2$. We prove that HAT exhibits a phase transition in both $d$ and $n$, in the sense that HAT is transient when $dgeq5$ and $ngeq4$. Remarkably, transience occurs in only one "way": The initial set fragments into clusters of two or three elements -- but no other number -- which then grow indefinitely separated. We call these clusters dimers and trimers. Underlying this characterization of transience is the fact that, from any set, HAT reaches a set consisting exclusively of dimers and trimers, in a number of steps and with at least a probability which depend on $d$ and $n$ only.

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Cited in

(2)

• Vertex-removal stability and the least positive value of harmonic measures
• Minimal harmonic measure on 2D lattices

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