Systolic inequalities, Ginzburg dg algebras and Milnor fibers
Loewner showed that for any metric \(g\) on the 2-torus \(T^2\), the square of the systole, that is the square of the smallest length of non-contactable loops in \((T^2,g)\), is less or equal than the volume \(\mathrm{vol}(T^2,g)\) of \(T^2\) multiplied by a constant equal to \(\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\). This inequality, known as the systolic inequality for \(T^2\), was interpreted by Fan [\textit{Y.-W. Fan}, Math. Z. 300, No. 1, 301--323 (2022; Zbl 1495.14030)] in terms of Lagrangian submanifolds. Fan also gave another interpretation of the systolic inequality using the notion of categorical volume of a stability condition \(\sigma\) of a triangulated category \(\mathcal D\) introduced in [\textit{Y.-W. Fan} et al., Commun. Anal. Geom. 29, No. 3, 681--706 (2021; Zbl 1464.32037)], together with the notion of categorical systole of a stability condition \(\sigma\) of a triangulated category \(\mathcal D\). In this way, Fan proved a categorical version of the systolic inequality, showing that for every stability condition \(\sigma\) of the derived Fukaya category \(D^{\pi}(T^2,\omega)\) of the 2-torus \(T^2\) with symplectic form \(\omega\) the square of the categorical systole of \(\sigma\) is bounded by the categorical volume of \(\sigma\) multiplied by a constant equal to \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\). This categorical interpretation of the systolic inequality was motivated by a conjecture of \textit{T. Bridgeland} [Proc. Symp. Pure Math. 80, 1--21 (2009; Zbl 1169.14303)] and \textit{D. Joyce} [MS Surv. Math. Sci. 2, No. 1, 1--62 (2015; Zbl 1347.53052)]. Let \(\mathcal D_Q\) be the derived category of 2-Calabi-Yau Ginzburg dg algebras associated to ADE quivers \(Q\) and \(\mathrm{Stab}(\mathcal D_Q)\) be the space of stability conditions on \(\mathcal D_Q\). Let \(\mathrm{Stab}^{\circ}(\mathcal D_Q)\subset \mathrm{Stab}(\mathcal D_Q)\) denote the connected component containing the space of stability conditions on \(\mathcal D_Q\) whose heart is the canonical heart. In Theorem 1.1 of this paper, the author shows that for any stability condition \(\sigma\) in \(\mathrm{Stab}^{\circ}(\mathcal D_Q)\) the categorical systolic inequality holds with constant equal to the Coxeter number \(h_Q\) of the underlying graph \(Q\) divided by the number of vertices of \(Q\). A geometric interpretation of Theorem 1.1 is presented in the case \(Q=A_n\), in which by \textit{R. P. Thomas} [Commun. Anal. Geom. 14, No. 1, 135--161 (2006; Zbl 1179.53084)] the category \(\mathcal D_Q\) is equivalent to the derived Fukaya category of the Milnor fiber of type \(A_n\).
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