Weight systems and invariants of graphs and embedded graphs

DOI10.4213/RM10054EMaRDI QIDQ6178263zbMATHOpenAlexFDO

Authors M. È. Kazaryan, S. Lando

Publication date 1 September 2023

Published in Russian Mathematical Surveys (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.12153

zbMATH Keywords

graph invariantHopf algebraLie algebraembedded graphweight systemdelta-matroidknot and link invariant

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Graph polynomials (05C31) Isomorphism problems in graph theory (reconstruction conjecture, etc.) and homomorphisms (subgraph embedding, etc.) (05C60) Planar graphs; geometric and topological aspects of graph theory (05C10) Combinatorial aspects of matroids and geometric lattices (05B35) Graphs and abstract algebra (groups, rings, fields, etc.) (05C25) Hopf algebras and their applications (16T05) Connections of Hopf algebras with combinatorics (16T30) Structure theory for Lie algebras and superalgebras (17B05)

Abstract: We describe recent achievements in the theory of weight systems, which are functions on chord diagrams satisfying so-called $4$-term relations. Our main attention is devoted to constructions of weight systems. The two main sources of these constructions that are discussed in the paper are invariants of intersection graphs of chord diagrams that satisfy $4$-term relations for graphs and metrized Lie algebras. For the simplest nontrivial metrized Lie algebra $mathfraksl(2)$, we present recent results about the explicit form of generating functions for the values of the corresponding weight system on important families of chord diagrams. We also explain another recent result: construction of recurrence relations for computing the values of the $mathfrakgl(N)$-weight system. These relations are based on M. Kazarian's extension of the $mathfrakgl(N)$-weight system to arbitrary permutations. Certain recent papers suggest an approach to extending weight systems and graph invariants to arbitrary embedded graphs, which is based on the study of the corresponding Hopf algebra structures; we describe this approach. Weight systems defined on arbitrary embedded graphs correspond to finite type invariants of links (multicomponent knots).

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Cited in

(16)

• On Lie algebra weight systems for 3-graphs
• Connection matrices and Lie algebra weight systems for multiloop chord diagrams
• New approaches to $\mathfrak{gl}_N$ weight system
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 10422 (Why is no real title available?)
• WEIGHT SYSTEMS FOR MILNOR INVARIANTS
• On the Lie superalgebra \(\mathfrak{gl}(m | n)\) weight system
• Values of the \(\mathfrak{sl}_2\) weight system on a family of graphs that are not the intersection graphs of chord diagrams
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1836509 (Why is no real title available?)
• On Weight Systems Derived from Heisenberg Lie Algebras
• Values of the \(\mathfrak{sl}_2\) weight system on complete bipartite graphs
• On the primitive subspace of Lando framed graph bialgebra
• A Diagrammatic Construction of the (sl(N,C),ρ)-Weight System
• Some formulas in \({\mathfrak {sl}}_3\) weight systems
• Fundamental weight systems are quantum states
• An extension of the \(\mathfrak{sl}_2\) weight system to graphs with \(n \le 8\) vertices
• Independent systems of representatives in weighted graphs

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