Rational Singularities of Nested Hilbert Schemes

DOI10.1093/IMRN/RNAC365MaRDI QIDQ6183063zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Ritvik Ramkumar, Alessio Sammartano

Publication date 26 January 2024

Published in IMRN. International Mathematics Research Notices (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.09002

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Algebraic geometry (14-XX) Computer science (68-XX)

Abstract: The Hilbert scheme of points $mathrm{Hilb}^n(S)$ of a smooth surface $S$ is a well-studied parameter space, lying at the interface of algebraic geometry, commutative algebra, representation theory, combinatorics, and mathematical physics. The foundational result is a classical theorem of Fogarty, stating that $mathrm{Hilb}^n(S)$ is a smooth variety of dimension $2n$. In recent years there has been growing interest in a natural generalization of $mathrm{Hilb}^n(S)$, the nested Hilbert scheme $mathrm{Hilb}^{(n_1,n_2)}(S)$, which parametrizes nested pairs of zero-dimensional subschemes $Z_{1}supseteq{Z}_2$ of $S$ with $mathrmdeg(Z_i)=n_i$. In contrast to Fogarty's theorem, $mathrm{Hilb}^{(n_1,n_2)}(S)$ is almost always singular, and very little is known about its singularities. In this paper we aim to advance the knowledge of the geometry of these nested Hilbert schemes. Work by Fogarty in the 70's shows that $mathrm{Hilb}^{(n,1)}(S)$ is a normal Cohen-Macaulay variety, and Song more recently proved that it has rational singularities. In our main result, we prove that the nested Hilbert scheme $mathrm{Hilb}^{(n,2)}(S)$ has rational singularities. We employ an array of tools from commutative algebra to prove this theorem. Using Gr"obner bases, we establish a connection between $mathrm{Hilb}^{(n,2)}(S)$ and a certain variety of matrices with an action of the general linear group. This variety of matrices plays a central role in our work, and we analyze it by various algebraic techniques, including square-free Gr"obner degenerations, the Stanley-Reisner correspondence, and the Kempf-Lascoux-Weyman technique of calculating syzygies. Along the way, we also obtain results on classes of irreducible and reducible nested Hilbert schemes, dimension of singular loci, and $F$-singularities in positive characteristic.

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