Graphical CSS Code Transformation Using ZX Calculus

DOI10.4204/EPTCS.384.1MaRDI QIDQ6200518zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Sarah Meng Li, Lia Yeh, Aleks Kissinger, Michele Mosca

Publication date 22 March 2024

Published in Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.02437

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Foundations, quantum information and its processing, quantum axioms, and philosophy (81Pxx)

Abstract: In this work, we present a generic approach to transform CSS codes by building upon their equivalence to phase-free ZX diagrams. Using the ZX calculus, we demonstrate diagrammatic transformations between encoding maps associated with different codes. As a motivating example, we give explicit transformations between the Steane code and the quantum Reed-Muller code, since by switching between these two codes, one can obtain a fault-tolerant universal gate set. To this end, we propose a bidirectional rewrite rule to find a (not necessarily transversal) physical implementation for any logical ZX diagram in any CSS code. We then focus on two code transformation techniques: $extitcodemorphing$, a procedure that transforms a code while retaining its fault-tolerant gates, and $extitgaugefixing$, where complimentary codes can be obtained from a common subsystem code (e.g., the Steane and the quantum Reed-Muller codes from the 15,1,3,3 code). We provide explicit graphical derivations for these techniques and show how ZX and graphical encoder maps relate several equivalent perspectives on these code transforming operations.

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