Arc‐disjoint out‐branchings and in‐branchings in semicomplete digraphs

DOI10.1002/JGT.23072MaRDI QIDQ6201032zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Jørgen Bang-Jensen

Publication date 25 March 2024

Published in Journal of Graph Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.06177

zbMATH Keywords

polynomial algorithmsemicomplete digrapharc-disjoint subdigraphsout-branchingsin-branchings

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Directed graphs (digraphs), tournaments (05C20) Graph algorithms (graph-theoretic aspects) (05C85) Graph theory (including graph drawing) in computer science (68R10) Paths and cycles (05C38)

Abstract: An out-branching $B_u^{+}$ (in-branching $B_u^{-}$) in a digraph $D$ is a connected spanning subdigraph of $D$ in which every vertex except the vertex $u$, called the root, has in-degree (out-degree) one. It is well-known that there exists a polynomial algorithm for deciding whether a given digraph has $k$ arc-disjoint out-branchings with prescribed roots ($k$ is part of the input). In sharp contrast to this, it is already NP-complete to decide if a digraph has one out-branching which is arc-disjoint from some in-branching. A digraph is {�f semicomplete} if it has no pair of non adjacent vertices. A {�f tournament} is a semicomplete digraph without directed cycles of length 2. In this paper we give a complete classification of semicomplete digraphs which have an out-branching $B_u^{+}$ which is arc-disjoint from some in-branching $B_v^{-}$ where $u,v$ are prescribed vertices of $D$. Our characterization, which is surprisingly simple, generalizes a complicated characterization for tournaments from 1991 by the first author and our proof implies the existence of a polynomial algorithm for checking whether a given semicomplete digraph has such a pair of branchings for prescribed vertices $u,v$ and construct a solution if one exists. This confirms a conjecture of Bang-Jensen for the case of semicomplete digraphs.

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Cited in

(1)

• Arc-disjoint out- and in-branchings in compositions of digraphs

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