Algebras of commuting differential operators for kernels of Airy type

DOI10.1007/978-3-031-13851-5_12arXiv2112.11639OpenAlexW4313341954MaRDI QIDQ6203569FDOQ6203569

Milen Yakimov, Ignacio Nahuel Zurrián, F. Alberto Grünbaum, W. Riley Casper

Publication date: 5 April 2024

Published in: Toeplitz Operators and Random Matrices (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Differential operators commuting with integral operators were discovered in the work of C. Tracy and H. Widom [37, 38] and used to derive asymptotic expansions of the Fredholm determinants of integral operators arising in random matrix theory. Very recently, it has been proved that all rational, symmetric Darboux transformations of the Bessel, Airy, and exponential bispectral functions give rise to commuting integral and differential operators [6, 7, 8], vastly generalizing the known examples in the literature. In this paper, we give a classification of the the rational symmetric Darboux transformations of the Airy function in terms of the fixed point submanifold of a differential Galois group acting on the Lagrangian locus of the (infinite dimensional) Airy Adelic Grassmannian and initiate the study of the full algebra of differential operators commuting with each of the integral operators in question. We leverage the general theory of [8] to obtain explicit formulas for the two differential operators of lowest orders that commute with each of the level one and two integral operators obtained in the Darboux process. Moreover, we prove that each pair of differential operators commute with each other. The commuting operators in the level one case are shown to satisfy an algebraic relation defining an elliptic curve.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.11639

zbMATH Keywords

Fourier algebrasdifferential Galois groupsadelic Grassmannianbispectral functionscommuting integral and differential operators

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Rings of differential operators (associative algebraic aspects) (16S32) Differential algebra (12H05) Relationships between algebraic curves and integrable systems (14H70) Integral operators (47G10)

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