Asymptotics and Sequential Closures of Continued Fractions and Generalizations

arXiv0709.1909MaRDI QIDQ6206772FDOQ6206772

Publication date: 12 September 2007

Abstract: Given a sequence of complex square matrices,

a_{n}

, consider the sequence of their partial products, defined by

p_{n} = p_{n - 1} a_{n}

. What can be said about the asymptotics as

n o i n f t y

of the sequence

f (p_{n})

, where

f

is a continuous function? A special case of our most general result addresses this question under the assumption that the matrices

a_{n}

are an

l_{1}

perturbation of a sequence of matrices with bounded partial products. We apply our theory to investigate the asymptotics of the approximants of continued fractions. In particular, when a continued fraction is

l_{1}

limit 1-periodic of elliptic or loxodromic type, we show that its sequence of approximants tends to a circle in

h a t m a t h b b C

, or to a finite set of points lying on a circle. Our main theorem on such continued fractions unifies the treatment of the loxodromic and elliptic cases, which are convergent and divergent, respectively. When an approximating sequence tends to a circle, we obtain statistical information about the limiting distribution of the approximants. When the circle is the real line, the points are shown to have a Cauchy distribution with parameters given in terms of modifications of the original continued fraction. As an example of the general theory, a detailed study of a

q

-continued fraction in five complex variables is provided. The most general theorem in the paper holds in the context of Banach algebras. The theory is also applied to

(r, s)

-matrix continued fractions and recurrence sequences of Poincar'e type and compared with closely related literature.

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Continued fractions; complex-analytic aspects (30B70) Convergence and divergence of continued fractions (40A15)

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