Structure of the spaces of matrix monotone functions and of matrix convex functions and Jensen's type inequality for operators

MaRDI QIDQ6209499zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Hiroyuki Osaka, Jun Tomiyama

Publication date 14 May 2008

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Convexity of real functions in one variable, generalizations (26A51) Monotonic functions, generalizations (26A48)

Abstract: Let $ninN$ and $M_n$ be the algebra of $nimesn$ matrices. We call a function $f$ matrix monotone of order $n$ or $n$-monotone in short whenever the inequality $f(a)leqf(b)$ holds for every pair of selfadjoint matrices $a,bin{M}_n$ such that $aleqb$ and all eigenvalues of $a$ and $b$ are contained in $I$. Matrix convex (concave) functions on $I$ are similarily defined. The spaces for $n$-monotone functions and $n$-convex functions are written as $P_n(I)$ and $K_n(I)$. In this note we discuss several assertions at each leven $n$ for which we regard themas the problems of double piling structure of those sequences ${P_n(I)}_{ninN}$ and ${K_n(I)}_{ninN}$. In order to see clear insight of the aspect of the problems, however, we choose the following three main assertions among them and discuss their mutual dependence: �egin{enumerate} item[(i)] $f(0)leq0$ and $f$ is $n$-convex in $[0,alpha)$, item[(ii)] For each matrix $a$ with its spectrum in $[0,alpha)$ and a contraction $c$ in the matrix algebra $M_n$, [ f(c^{star}a c)leq c^{star}f(a)c, ] item[(iii)] The functon $g(t)/t$ is $n$-monotone in $(0,alpha)$. end{enumerate} In particular, we show that for any $ninN$ two conditions $(ii)$ and $(iii)$ are equivalent.

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