Multiple recurrence and the structure of probability-preserving systems
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Publication:6219035
Measure-preserving transformations (28D05) Ergodic theorems, spectral theory, Markov operators (37A30) Dynamical systems and their relations with probability theory and stochastic processes (37A50) Ramsey theory (05D10) Weyl sums (11L15) General groups of measure-preserving transformations (28D15) Exchangeability for stochastic processes (60G09)
Abstract: In 1975 Szemer'edi proved the long-standing conjecture of ErdH{o}s and Tur'an that any subset of having positive upper Banach density contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions. Szemer'edi's proof was entirely combinatorial, but two years later Furstenberg gave a quite different proof of Szemer'edi's Theorem by first showing its equivalence to an ergodic-theoretic assertion of multiple recurrence, and then bringing new machinery in ergodic theory to bear on proving that. His ergodic-theoretic approach subsequently yielded several other results in extremal combinatorics, as well as revealing a range of new phenomena according to which the structures of probability-preserving systems can be described and classified. In this work I survey some recent advances in understanding these ergodic-theoretic structures. It contains proofs of the norm convergence of the `nonconventional' ergodic averages that underly Furstenberg's approach to variants of Szemer'edi's Theorem, and of two of the recurrence theorems of Furstenberg and Katznelson: the Multidimensional Multiple Recurrence Theorem, which implies a multidimensional generalization of Szemer'edi's Theorem; and a density version of the Hales-Jewett Theorem of Ramsey Theory.
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