The QCD nature of dark energy

DOI10.1016/J.NUCLPHYSB.2010.04.001zbMATH Open1204.83121arXiv0909.2684OpenAlexW2209061280MaRDI QIDQ622752FDOQ622752

Federico R. Urban, A. R. Zhitnitsky

Publication date: 3 February 2011

Published in: Nuclear Physics B (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The origin of the observed dark energy could be explained entirely within the standard model, with no new fields required. We show how the low-energy sector of the chiral QCD Lagrangian, once embedded in a non-trivial spacetime, gives rise to a cosmological vacuum energy density which can be can be presented entirely in terms of QCD parameters and the Hubble constant $H$ as $$. In this work we focus on the dynamics of the ghost fields that are essential ingredients of the aforementioned Lagrangian. In particular, we argue that the Veneziano ghost, being unphysical in the usual Minkowski QFT, becomes a physical degree of freedom if the universe is expanding. As an immediate consequence, all relevant effects are naturally very small as they are proportional to the rate of expansion $H/Lqcdsim10^{-41}$. The co-existence of these two drastically different scales ($Lqcdsim100$ MeV and $Hsim10^{-33}$ eV) is a direct consequence of the auxiliary conditions on the physical Hilbert space that are necessary to keep the theory unitary. The exact cancellation taking place in Minkowski space due to this auxiliary condition is slightly violated when the system is upgraded to an expanding background. Nevertheless, this "tiny" effect is in fact the driving force accelerating the universe today. We also derive the time dependent equation of state $w(t)$ for the dark energy component which tracks the dynamics of the Veneziano ghost in a FLRW universe. Finally, we comment on how the same physical phenomena can be recovered in Witten's approach to the U(1) problem when the ghost degree of freedom is not even present in the system.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/0909.2684

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zbMATH Keywords

dark energyQCDquantum field theory in curved space

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum field theory on curved space or space-time backgrounds (81T20) Strong interaction, including quantum chromodynamics (81V05) Unified quantum theories (81V22) Relativistic cosmology (83F05)

Cites Work

• DYNAMICS OF DARK ENERGY
• Quantum Fields in Curved Space
• General Relativity
• Vector two-point functions in maximally symmetric spaces
• Theory of Longitudinal Photons in Quantum Electrodynamics
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Dynamics of compact homogeneous universes
• Compact homogeneous universes
• Hamiltonian structures for compact homogeneous universes
• Topology and the cosmic microwave background
• Maximally symmetric vector propagator

Cited In (25)

• QCD \(\theta\)-vacua from the chiral limit to the quenched limit
• The energy density of the quaternionic field as dark energy in the universe
• Can the cosmological dark sector be modeled by a single scalar field?
• Tachyon reconstruction of ghost dark energy
• Dynamical system analysis of interacting models
• Is dark matter an illusion created by the gravitational polarization of the quantum vacuum?
• Ghost dark energy with non-linear interaction term
• Cosmological constant from quarks and torsion
• Instability of interacting ghost dark energy model in an anisotropic universe
• Interacting ghost dark energy in non-flat universe
• Sounds of instability from generalized QCD ghost dark energy
• THERMODYNAMIC OF THE GHOST DARK ENERGY UNIVERSE
• A universe with a generalized ghost dark energy and van der Waals fluid interacting with a fluid
• Cosmological implications of dark energy models in modified gravity
• Anisotropic cosmology with a dilaton field coupled to ghost dark energy
• Cosmological study in loop quantum cosmology through dark energy model
• Casting light on the ghost
• QCD ghost dark energy in RS II braneworld with bulk-brane interaction
• Interacting anisotropic ghost dark energy model in \(f(R,T)\) theory of gravity
• RECONSTRUCTION OF MODIFIED GRAVITY WITH GHOST DARK ENERGY MODELS
• Ghost dark energy in \(f(R)\) model of gravity
• Generalized ghost version of Pilgrim Dark Energy in loop quantum gravity motivated cosmology
• Analysis of generalized ghost dark energy in LQC and Galileon gravity
• Edge state quantization: vector fields in Rindler
• Pilgrim dark energy models in fractal universe

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