On competitive discrete systems in the plane. I. Invariant Manifolds

Authors Gabriel Lugo, Frank J. Palladino

Publication date 3 March 2012

Dynamical systems involving homeomorphisms and diffeomorphisms of planes and surfaces (37E30) Stability theory for difference equations (39A30) Multiplicative and other generalized difference equations (39A20) Bifurcation theory for difference equations (39A28)

Abstract: Let

T

be a

C^{1}

competitive map on a rectangular region

R s u b s e t m a t h b b R^{2}

. The main results of this paper give conditions which guarantee the existence of an invariant curve

C

, which is the graph of a continuous increasing function, emanating from a fixed point

. We show that

C

is a subset of the basin of attraction of

and that the set consisting of the endpoints of the curve

C

in the interior of

R

is forward invariant. The main results can be used to give an accurate picture of the basins of attraction for many competitive maps. We then apply the main results of this paper along with other techniques to determine a near complete picture of the qualitative behavior for the following two rational systems in the plane.

x_{n+1}=frac{alpha_{1}}{A_{1}+y_{n}},quad y_{n+1}=frac{gamma_{2}y_{n}}{x_{n}},quad n=0,1,...,

with

a l p h a_{1}, A_{1}, g a m m a_{2} > 0

and arbitrary nonnegative initial conditions so that the denominator is never zero.

x_{n+1}=frac{alpha_{1}}{A_{1}+y_{n}},quad y_{n+1}=frac{y_{n}}{A_{2}+x_{n}},quad n=0,1,...,

with

a l p h a_{1}, A_{1}, A_{2} > 0

and arbitrary nonnegative initial conditions.

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