The coadjoint structure of Borel subgroups and their nilradicals

arXiv1205.2017MaRDI QIDQ6232893FDOQ6232893

Publication date: 9 May 2012

Abstract: Let

G

be a complex simply-connected semisimple Lie group and let

f r a k g = L i e G

. Let

f r a k g = f r a k n_{-} + f r a k h + f r a k n

be a triangular decomposition of

f r a k g

. One readily has that

C e n t, U (f r a k n)

is isomorphic to the ring

S (f r a k n)^{f r a k}

of symmetric invariants. Using the cascade

c a l B

of strongly orthogonal roots, some time ago we proved that

is a polynomial ring

B b b C [x i_{1}, ..., x i_{m}]

where

m

is the cardinality of

c a l B

. Using this result we establish that the maximal coadjoint of

N = e x p f r a k n

has codimension

m

. Let

f r a k b = f r a k h + f r a k n

so that the corresponding subgroup

B

is a Borel subgroup of

G

. Let

e l l = r a n k f r a k g

. Then in this paper we prove the theorem that the maximal coadjoint orbit of

B

has codimension

e l l - m

so that the following statements (1) and (2) are equivalent: (1) -1 is in the Weyl group of

G

(i.e.,

e l l = m

), and (2), B has a nonempty open coadjoint orbit. We remark that a nilpotent or a semisimple group cannot have a nonempty open coadjoint orbit. Celebrated examples where a solvable Lie group has a nonempty coadjoint orbit are due to Piatetski--Shapiro in his counterexample construction of a bounded complex homogeneous domain which is not of Cartan type.

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Coadjoint orbits; nilpotent varieties (17B08) Solvable, nilpotent (super)algebras (17B30) Symplectic manifolds (general theory) (53D05) Root systems (17B22) Lie groups (22Exx)

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