Explicit formulas for algebraic connections on ellipsoid surfaces

arXiv1208.2806MaRDI QIDQ6235014FDOQ6235014

Publication date: 14 August 2012

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to give a new method to construct explicit formulas for algebraic differential operators of any order on a finitely generated projective module

E

on a commutative unital ring

A

. We moreover give explicit formulas for algebraic connections on a class of finitely generated projective modules on ellipsoid surfaces. The connections we construct are non-flat with trace of curvature equal to zero. We construct these formulas using an idempotent matrix

M

defining the module

E

. Such an idempotent matrix

M

is constructed from a "projective basis"

B

defining the module

E

. Associated to a projective basis

B

for

E

we construct a connection

a b l a_{B}

. The curvature

R_{a b l a_{B}}

of the connection

a b l a_{B}

is given by a Lie product:

R_{a b l a_{B}} (x, y) := [a b l a_{B} (x) (M), a b l a_{B} (y) (M)]

involving the matrix

M

, and this Lie product is non-zero in general. Hence the curvature formula indicates that most projective finite rank modules do not have a flat algebraic connection. We also give an explicit formula for a non-flat algebraic connection on the cotangent bundle

O m e g a

of the real 2-sphere. The cotangent bundle

O m e g a

is topologically non-trivial and it is not clear if it has a flat algebraic connection. All higher Chern classes in deRham cohomology are zero:

c_{i} (O m e g a) = 0

for all

i g e q 1

. We relate the construction to non-abelian extensions and a refined characteristic class

c (O m e g a)

introduced in another paper on the subject. The class

c (O m e g a)

is defined using the connection

a b l a_{B}

but it is independent of choice of connection. The class

c (O m e g a)

is non-trivial and it is zero iff

O m e g a

has a flat algebraic connection and it refines the first Chern class

c_{1} (O m e g a)

in deRham cohomology and Lie-Rinehart cohomology.

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Algebraic cycles (14C25) Relevant commutative algebra (14A05)

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