Perfect Cuboid and Congruent Number Equation Solutions

MaRDI QIDQ6237545zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Mamuka Meskhishvili

Publication date 28 November 2012

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Cubic and quartic Diophantine equations (11D25) Rational points (14G05) Higher degree equations; Fermat's equation (11D41) Diophantine equations in many variables (11D72) Elliptic curves (14H52)

Abstract: A perfect cuboid (PC) is a rectangular parallelepiped with rational sides $a,b,c$ whose face diagonals $d_{ab}$, $d_{bc}$, $d_{ac}$ and space (body) diagonal $d_s$ are rationals. The existence or otherwise of PC is a problem known since at least the time of Leonhard Euler. This research establishes equivalent conditions of PC by nontrivial rational solutions $(X,Y)$} and $(Z,W)$} of congruent number equation $y^2=x^3-N^{2}x$, where product $XZ$ is a square. By using such pair of solutions five parametrizations of nearly-perfect cuboid (NPC) (only one face diagonal is irrational) and five equivalent conditions for PC were found. Each parametrization gives all possible NPC. For example, by using one of them -- invariant parametrization for sides and diagonals of NPC are obtained: $a=2XZN$, $b=|YW|$, $c=|X-Z|sqrtXZ,N$,$d_{bc}=|XZ-N^2|sqrtXZ$, $d_{ac}=|X+Z|sqrtXZ,N$, $d_s=(XZ+N^2)sqrtXZ$; and condition of the existence of PC is the rationality of $d_{ab}=sqrt{Y}^2{W}^2+4N^2{X}^2{Z}^2$. Because each parametrization is complete, inverse problem is discussed. For given NPC is found corresponding congruent number equation (i.e. congruent number) and its solutions.

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