A strong form of Arnold diffusion for two and a half degrees of freedom

arXiv1212.1150MaRDI QIDQ6237771FDOQ6237771

Vadim Kaloshin, K. Zhang

Publication date: 5 December 2012

Abstract: In the present paper we prove a strong form of Arnold diffusion. Let $mathbb{T}^2$ be the two torus and $B^2$ be the unit ball around the origin in $mathbb{R}^2$. Fix $ho>0$. Our main result says that for a "generic" time-periodic perturbation of an integrable system of two degrees of freedom [ H_0(p)+epsilon H_1( heta,p,t),quad hetain mathbb{T}^2, pin B^2, tin mathbb{T}, ] with a strictly convex $H_0$, there exists a $ho$-dense orbit $(het{a}_{epsilon},p_{epsilon},t)(t)$ in $mathbb{T}^{2}imes{B}^{2}imesmathbbT$, namely, a $ho$-neighborhood of the orbit contains $mathbb{T}^{2}imes{B}^{2}imesmathbbT$. Our proof is a combination of geometric and variational methods. The fundamental elements of the construction are usage of crumpled normally hyperbolic invariant cylinders from cite{BKZ}, flower and simple normally hyperbolic invariant manifolds from as well as their kissing property at a strong double resonance. This allows us to build a "connected" net of $3$-dimensional normally hyperbolic invariant manifolds. To construct diffusing orbits along this net we employ a version of Mather variational method cite{Ma2} proposed by Bernard in cite{Be}. This version is equipped with weak KAM theory cite{Fa}.

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Invariant manifold theory for dynamical systems (37D10) Perturbations of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems, normal forms, small divisors, KAM theory, Arnol'd diffusion (37J40)

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