Higher jet prolongation Lie algebras and Backlund transformations for (1+1)-dimensional PDEs

arXiv1212.2199MaRDI QIDQ6237902FDOQ6237902

Publication date: 10 December 2012

Abstract: For any (1+1)-dimensional (multicomponent) evolution PDE, we define a sequence of Lie algebras

F^{p}

,

p = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...

, which are responsible for all Lax pairs and zero-curvature representations (ZCRs) of this PDE. In our construction, jets of arbitrary order are allowed. In the case of lower order jets, the algebras

F^{p}

generalize Wahlquist-Estabrook prolongation algebras. To achieve this, we find a normal form for (nonlinear) ZCRs with respect to the action of the group of gauge transformations. One shows that any ZCR is locally gauge equivalent to the ZCR arising from a vector field representation of the algebra

F^{p}

, where

p

is the order of jets involved in the

x

-part of the ZCR. More precisely, we define a Lie algebra

F^{p}

for each nonnegative integer

p

and each point

a

of the infinite prolongation

E

of the evolution PDE. So the full notation for the algebra is

F^{p} (E, a)

. Using these algebras, one obtains a necessary condition for two given evolution PDEs to be connected by a Backlund transformation. In this paper, the algebras

F^{p} (E, a)

are computed for some PDEs of KdV type. In a different paper with G. Manno, we compute

F^{p} (E, a)

for multicomponent Landau-Lifshitz systems of Golubchik and Sokolov. Among the obtained Lie algebras, one encounters infinite-dimensional algebras of certain matrix-valued functions on some algebraic curves. Besides, some solvable ideals and semisimple Lie algebras appear in the description of

F^{p} (E, a)

. Applications to classification of KdV and Krichever-Novikov type equations with respect to Backlund transformations are also briefly discussed.

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Relations of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian dynamical systems with infinite-dimensional Lie algebras and other algebraic structures (37K30) Lie-Bäcklund and other transformations for infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems (37K35)

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