Fixed-Parameter Extrapolation and Aperiodic Order

arXiv1212.2889MaRDI QIDQ6237968FDOQ6237968

Authors: S. Fenner, Frederic Green, S. Homer 

Publication date: 12 December 2012

Abstract: Fix any $lambdainmathbbC$. We say that a set $SsubseteqmathbbC$ is $lambda$-$convex$ if, whenever $a$ and $b$ are in $S$, the point $(1-lambda)a+lambdab$ is also in $S$. If $S$ is also (topologically) closed, then we say that $S$ is $lambda$-$clonvex$. We investigate the properties of $lambda$-convex and $lambda$-clonvex sets and prove a number of facts about them. Letting $R_{l}ambdasubseteqmathbbC$ be the least $lambda$-clonvex superset of $0,1$, we show that if $R_{l}ambda$ is convex in the usual sense, then $R_{l}ambda$ must be either $[0,1]$ or $mathbbR$ or $mathbbC$, depending on $lambda$. We investigate which $lambda$ make $R_{l}ambda$ convex, derive a number of conditions equivalent to $R_{l}ambda$ being convex, and give several conditions sufficient for $R_{l}ambda$ to be convex or not convex; in particular, we show that $R_{l}ambda$ is either convex or uniformly discrete. Letting $$R_lambda$$, we show that $mathbbCsetminusmathcalC$ is closed, discrete and contains only algebraic integers. We also give a sufficient condition on $lambda$ for $R_{l}ambda$ and some other related $lambda$-convex sets to be discrete by introducing the notion of a strong PV number. These conditions give rise to a number of periodic and aperiodic Meyer sets (the latter sometimes known as "quasicrystals"). The paper is in four parts. Part I describes basic properties of $lambda$-convex and $lambda$-clonvex sets, including convexity versus uniform discreteness. Part II explores the connections between $lambda$-convex sets and quasicrystals and displays a number of such sets, including several with dihedral symmetry. Part III generalizes a result from Part I about the $lambda$-convex closure of a path, and Part IV contains our conclusions and open problems.

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