Quartic residues and sums involving \binom{4k}{2k}

arXiv1311.6364MaRDI QIDQ6246750FDOQ6246750

Authors: Zhihong Sun 

Publication date: 25 November 2013

Abstract: Let $p$ be an odd prime and let $motequiv0pmodp$ be a rational p-adic integer. In this paper we reveal the connection between quartic residues and the sum $$, where $[x]$ is the greatest integer not exceeding $x$. Let $q$ be a prime of the form $4k+1$ and so $q=a^2+b^2$ with $a,binBbbZ$. When $pmidab(a^2-b^2)q$, we show that for $r=0,1,2,3$, $p^{fracq-14}equiv(fracab{)}^{r}pmodq$ if and only if ${\displaystyle }$sum_{k=0}^{[p/4]}�inom{4k}{2k}Big(frac{a^2}{16q}Big)^kequiv (-1)^{frac{p^2-1}8a+frac{p-1}2cdot frac{q-1}4}Big(frac pqBig) Big(frac abBig)^rpmod p,${\displaystyle }$ where $(fracpq)$ is the Legendre symbol. We also establish congruences for $$ in the cases $m=17,18,20,32,52,80,272$.

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Congruences; primitive roots; residue systems (11A07) Power residues, reciprocity (11A15) Fibonacci and Lucas numbers and polynomials and generalizations (11B39) Binomial coefficients; factorials; (q)-identities (11B65) Sums of squares and representations by other particular quadratic forms (11E25)

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