Which multiphoton states are related via linear optics?

DOI10.1103/PHYSREVA.89.062329arXiv1403.3069WikidataQ60514468 ScholiaQ60514468MaRDI QIDQ6249754FDOQ6249754

Authors: Piotr Migdał, J. Rodriguez-Laguna, Michał Oszmaniec, M. Lewenstein 

Publication date: 12 March 2014

Abstract: We investigate which pure states of $n$ photons in $d$ modes can be transformed into each other via linear optics, without post-selection. In other words, we study the local unitary (LU) equivalence classes of symmetric many-qudit states. Writing our state as $f^{d}agger|Omegaangle$, with $f^{d}agger$ a homogeneous polynomial in the mode creation operators, we propose two sets of LU-invariants: (a) spectral invariants, which are the eigenvalues of the operator $f{f}^{d}agger$, and (b) moments, each given by the norm of the symmetric component of a tensor power of the initial state, which can be computed as vacuum expectation values of $f^k(f^{d}agger{)}^k$. We provide scheme for experimental measurement of the later, as related to the post-selection probability of creating state $f^{daggerk}|Omegaangle$ from $k$ copies of $f^{dagger}|Omegaangle$.

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