Twisted Gauge Theory Model of Topological Phases in Three Dimensions

DOI10.1103/PHYSREVB.92.045101MaRDI QIDQ6254559zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Yidun Wan, Juven Wang, Huan He

Publication date 10 September 2014

Abstract: We propose an exactly solvable lattice Hamiltonian model of topological phases in $3+1$ dimensions, based on a generic finite group $G$ and a $4$-cocycle $omega$ over $G$. We show that our model has topologically protected degenerate ground states and obtain the formula of its ground state degeneracy on the $3$-torus. In particular, the ground state spectrum implies the existence of purely three-dimensional looplike quasi-excitations specified by two nontrivial flux indices and one charge index. We also construct other nontrivial topological observables of the model, namely the $SL(3,mathbbZ)$ generators as the modular $S$ and $T$ matrices of the ground states, which yield a set of topological quantum numbers classified by $omega$ and quantities derived from $omega$. Our model fulfills a Hamiltonian extension of the $3+1$-dimensional Dijkgraaf-Witten topological gauge theory with a gauge group $G$. This work is presented to be accessible for a wide range of physicists and mathematicians.

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