Teichmüller spaces for pointed Fuchsian groups

DOI10.1007/S11425-010-3126-4MaRDI QIDQ625797zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 25 February 2011

Published in Science China. Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s11425-010-3126-4

Fuchsian group holomorphic section pointed Fuchsian group Teichmüller space

Quasiconformal mappings in the complex plane (30C62) Fuchsian groups and automorphic functions (aspects of compact Riemann surfaces and uniformization) (30F35) Teichmüller theory for Riemann surfaces (30F60) Moduli of Riemann surfaces, Teichmüller theory (complex-analytic aspects in several variables) (32G15)

Review text

Let \(G\) be a finitely generated Fuchsian group of the first kind, which acts on the hyperbolic plane \(\mathbb{H}\). Then \(\mathbb{H}/G\) is an analytically finite orbifold of type \((g,n)\), where \(g\) is the genus of \(\mathbb{H}/G\) and \(n\) is number of punctures and cone points of \(\mathbb{H}/G\). Let \(L^{\infty}(G)\) be the set of all Beltrami differentials \(\mu\) satisfying \[ \frac{(\mu\circ g)\overline g'}{g'}=\mu\;\;\text{for all}\;\;g\in G. \] Let \(M(G)\) denote the open unit ball in \(L^{\infty}(G)\). For any \(\mu\in M(G)\), the fundamental theorem of \textit{L. V. Ahlfors} and \textit{L. Bers} [Ann. Math. (2) 72, 385--404 (1960; Zbl 0104.29902)] states that there is a unique quasiconformal mapping \(w^{\mu}\) of \(\widehat{\mathbb{C}}\) that fixes \(0,1,\infty\), is conformal on \(\widehat{\mathbb{C}}\backslash \mathbb{H}\), and satisfies the Beltrami equation \[ \partial _{\bar{z}}w=\mu \partial _zw \] in \(\mathbb{H}\). Two elements \(\mu,\nu\in M(G)\) are said to be equivalent if \(w^{\mu}|_{\mathbb{R}}=w^{\mu}|_{\mathbb{R}}\). The Teichmüller space \(T(G)\) is the quotient space \(M(G)/\! \sim\) under this equivalence relation. It is well-known that \(T(G)\) admits a unique complex manifold structure so that the natural projection \(\Phi_G:M(G)\rightarrow T(G)\) is holomorphic with local holomorphic sections. Following \textit{C. J. Earle} [Duke Math. J. 36, 409--415 (1969; Zbl 0176.38401)], \(\Phi_G:M(G)\rightarrow T(G)\) has a global holomorphic section if and only if dim\(_{\mathbb{C}}T(G)\leq 1\). In [Isr. J. Math. 16, 237--257 (1973; Zbl 0279.32009)], \textit{I. Kra} introduced the so-called pointed Teichmüller space \(T(\mathcal{G})\) for a pointed Fuchsian group \(\mathcal{G}\) corresponding to \(G\). More precisely, the \((n+1)\)-tuple \[ \mathcal{G}=\{G;z_1,\ldots, z_n\} \] is said to be an \(n\)-pointed Fuchsian group if \(G\) is as mentioned and \(z_1,\ldots, z_n\) are \(n\) inequivalent points in \[ \mathbb{H}_G=\mathbb{H}\backslash \{\text{all elliptic fixed points of}\;G\}. \] Two elements \(\mu,\nu\) in \(M(G)\) are said to be \(\mathcal{G}\)-equivalent if they are equivalent in \(M(G)\) and if, for each \(z_i\), \(i=1,2,\ldots, n\), \(w^{\mu}(z_i)=w^{\nu}(z_i)\). The \(n\)-pointed Teichmüller space \(T(\mathcal{G})\) is defined as quotient space of \(M(G)\) under this equivalence relation. We thus obtain a natural projection \(\Phi_{\mathcal{G}}:M(G)\rightarrow T(\mathcal{G})\), which together with the projection \(\Phi_G:M(G)\rightarrow T(G)\), also defines a natural projection \(\Phi:T(\mathcal{G})\rightarrow T(G)\) via \[ \Phi_G=\Phi\circ \Phi_{\mathcal{G}}. \] While the holomorphic projection \(\Phi_G:M(G)\rightarrow T(G)\) is well-understood [cf. \textit{C. J. Earle} and \textit{I. Kra}, Contribut. to Analysis, Collect. of Papers dedicated to Lipman Bers, 107--124 (1974; Zbl 0307.32016); Acta Math. 137, 49--79 (1976; Zbl 0331.32018)], in the paper under review, the authors study the projections \(\Phi_{\mathcal{G}}\) and \(\Phi\), and prove the following result: Theorem. \((1)\) The projection \(\Phi_{\mathcal{G}}:M(G)\rightarrow T(\mathcal{G})\) admits a global holomorphic section if and only if \(n=1\) and \(G\) is torsion free and of type \((0,3)\); and \((2)\) the projection \(\Phi:T(\mathcal{G})\rightarrow T(G)\) has no holomorphic section unless \(G\) is exceptional in the sense that \(2g+n\leq 4\). The authors also generalize some results of \textit{L. Bers} [Acta Math. 130, 89--126 (1973; Zbl 0249.32014)] to the case of the \(n\)-pointed Teichmüller space \(T(\mathcal{G})\).

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