Invariant manifolds for a singular ordinary differential equation

Abstract: We study the singular ordinary differential equation

frac{d U}{d t} = f (U) / z (U) + g (U),

where

U i n R^{N}

, the functions

f i n R^{N}

and

g i n R^{N}

are of class

C^{2}

and

z

is a real valued

C^{2}

function. The equation is singular in the sense that

z (U)

can attain the value 0. We focus on the solutions of the singular ODE that belong to a small neighborhood of a point

such that

,

. We investigate the existence of manifolds that are locally invariant for the singular ODE and that contain orbits with a suitable prescribed asymptotic behaviour. Under suitable hypotheses on the set

U : z (U) = 0

, we extend to the case of the singular ODE the definitions of center manifold, center stable manifold and of uniformly stable manifold. An application of our analysis concerns the study of the viscous profiles with small total variation for a class of mixed hyperbolic-parabolic systems in one space variable. Such a class includes the compressible Navier Stokes equation.

Review text

The paper presents the study of the singular ordinary differential equation \[ \frac{dU}{dt}=\frac{1}{\zeta(U)}\phi_s(U)+\phi_{ns}(U), \tag{1} \] where \(U\in\mathbb R^n\), \(\phi_s\) and \(\phi_{ns}\) are \(C^2\)-functions and \(\zeta\) is a real valued \(C^2\) function. The singularity of equation (1) manifests itself in the fact that \(\zeta(U)\) can attain the value 0. The focus is on solutions of (1) belonging to a small neighborhood of a point \(\tilde U\) such that \(\phi_s(\tilde U)=\phi_{ns}(\tilde U)=0\) and \(\zeta(\tilde U)=0\). The primary goal is the existence of locally invariant manifolds of (1) with prescribed asymptotic behavior. Under suitable hypotheses on the set \(\{U:\zeta(U)=0\}\), well-known definitions of center, center-stable and uniformly stable manifolds are extended for the singular equation (1). It is shown that solutions of (1) lying on each of these manifolds are regular. This is not trivial since examples show that, in general, solutions of (1) are not continuously differentiable. A decomposition result is obtained for a center stable and for the uniformly stable manifold. As an application of the analysis, the viscous profiles with small total variation for a class of mixed hyperbolic-parabolic systems in one space variable are considered. It should be noted that such a class includes the compressible Navier-Stokes equation.

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