Boundedness of Lusin-area and functions on localized BMO spaces over doubling metric measure spaces

\(g_\lambda^*\) function admissible function annular decay property chain ball property doubling metric measure space localised BLO space localised BMO space Lusin-area function Schrödinger operator weak geodesic property

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Maximal functions, Littlewood-Paley theory (42B25) (H^p)-spaces (42B30) Metric geometry (51F99)

Abstract: Let

m a t h c a l X

be a doubling metric measure space. If

m a t h c a l X

has the

d e l t a

-annular decay property for some

d e l t a i n (0,, 1]

, the authors then establish the boundedness of the Lusin-area function, which is defined via kernels modeled on the semigroup generated by the Schr"odinger operator, from localized spaces

{m B M O}_{h} o (m a t h c a l X)

to

{m B L O}_{h} o (m a t h c a l X)

without invoking any regularity of considered kernels. The same is true for the

g^{a} s t_{l} a b d a

function and unlike the Lusin-area function, in this case,

m a t h c a l X

is not necessary to have the

d e l t a

-annular decay property. Moreover, for any metric space, the authors introduce the weak geodesic property and the monotone geodesic property, which are proved to be respectively equivalent to the chain ball property of Buckley. Recall that Buckley proved that any length space has the chain ball property and, for any metric space equipped with a doubling measure, the chain ball property implies the

d e l t a

-annular decay property for some

d e l t a i n (0, 1]

. Moreover, using some results on pointwise multipliers of

m b m o (m a t h b b R)

, the authors construct a counterexample to show that there exists a nonnegative function which is in

m b m o (m a t h b b R)

, but not in

m b l o (m a t h b b R)

; this further indicates that the above boundedness of the Lusin-area and

g^{a} s t_{l} a m b d a

functions even in

{m a t h b b R}^{d}

with the Lebesgue measure or the Heisenberg group also improves the existing results.

Review text

Let \((X,d)\) be a metric space endowed with a regular Borel measure \(\mu\) such that \(0<\mu(B(x,r))<\infty\) \((x\in X\), \(r>0)\). \((X,d,\mu)\) is called a doubling metric measure space if \(\mu(B(x,2r))\leq C_1\mu(B(x,r))\). A positive function \(\rho\) on \(X\) is called admissible if, for some \(C_0\), \(k_0>0\), \(\rho(x)^{-1}\leq C_0\rho(y)^{-1}(1+\rho(y)^{-1}d(x,y))^{k_0}\) \((x,y\in X)\). For an admissible function \(\rho\) and \(q\in [1,\infty)\), a function \(f\in L_{\text{loc}}^q(X)\) is said to be in \(\text{BMO}_\rho^q(X)\) if \[ \begin{aligned}\|f\|_{\text{BMO}_\rho^q(X)}= &\sup_{B=B(x,r);\,x\in X,\, r<\rho(x)}\biggl( \mu(B)^{-1}\int_B|f(y)-f_B|^q\,d\mu(y)\biggr)^{1/q}\\ +&\sup_{B=B(x,r);\,x\in X,\, r\geq\rho(x)}\biggl(\mu(B)^{-1}\int_B|f(y)|^q\,d\mu(y) \biggr)^{1/q}<\infty.\end{aligned} \] Similarly, a real valued function \(f\in L_{\text{loc}}^q(X)\) is said to be in \(\text{BLO}_\rho^q(X)\) if, in the definition of \(\text{BMO}_\rho^q(X)\), \(f_B\) is replaced by \(\text{ess\, inf}_{u\in B}f(u)\). In the case \((X,d,\mu)= (\mathbb R^n,|\cdot|,dx)\) and \(\rho\equiv1\), \(\text{BMO}_\rho^q(X)\) coincides with the Goldberg's local BMO space bmo. If \(\rho\) is an admissible function, \(\text{BMO}_\rho^q(X)\cong\text{BMO}_\rho^1(X)=:\text{BMO}_\rho(X)\). Now let \(\rho\) be an admissible function and \(\{Q_t\}_{t\geq0}\) be a family of operators bounded on \(L^2(X)\) with integral kernels \(\{Q_t(x,y)\}_{t\geq0}\) satisfying that there exist \(C\), \(\delta_1>0\), \(\delta_2\in (0,1)\), \(\gamma>0\) such that \(|Q_t(x,y)|\leq C(\mu(B(x,t))+\mu(B(x,d(x,y)))^{-1}(1+d(x,y)/t)^{-\gamma} (1+t/\rho(x))^{-\delta_1}\), and \(|\int_XQ_t(x,z)\,d\mu(z)|\leq C(1+\rho(x)/t)^{-\delta_2}\). Using this family of operators, the authors define the Littlewood-Paley \(g\)-function \(g(f)\), Lusin's area function \(S(f)\) and the \(g_\lambda^*\) function \(g_\lambda^*(f)\) by \[ \begin{aligned} g(f)(x)&= \bigg(\int_0^\infty |Q_t(f)(x)|^2\,dt/t\bigg)^{1/2},\\ S(f)(x)&= \biggl(\int_0^\infty \int_{d(x,y)<t} |Q_t(f)(y)|^2 \mu(B(y,t))^{-1}\,d\mu(y)\,dt/t\biggr)^{1/2},\\ g_\lambda^*(f)(x)&= \biggl(\iint_{X\times(0,\infty)} |Q_t(f)(y)|^2 (1+d(x,y)/t)^{-\lambda}\mu(B(y,t))^{-1}\,d\mu(y)\,dt/t\biggr)^{1/2}.\end{aligned} \] Their main result is the following: Let \(X\) be a doubling metric measure space satisfying one more condition, ``the \(\delta\)-annular decay property. Let \(\rho\) be an admissible function. Assume that the Littlewood-Paley \(g\)-function is bounded on \(L^2(X)\). Then \(\|S(f)^2\|_{\text{BLO}_\rho(X)}\leq C \|f\|_{\text{BMO}_\rho(X)}^2\). If \(3n<\lambda <\infty\), the same result holds for the \(g_\lambda^*\) function without assuming ``the \(\delta\)-annular decay property. Relating to their boundedness results, the authors give a nonnegative \(f\in\text{bmo}(\mathbb R)\) which is not in \(\text{blo}(\mathbb R)\).

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