Area of convex disks

Abstract: This paper considers metric balls

B (p, R)

in two dimensional Riemannian manifolds when

R

is less than half the convexity radius. We prove that

A r e a (B (p, R)) g e q f r a c 8 p i R^{2}

. This inequality has long been conjectured for

R

less than half the injectivity radius. This result also yields the upper bound

m u_{2} (B (p, R)) l e q 2 (f r a c p i 2 R)^{2}

on the first nonzero Neumann eigenvalue

m u_{2}

of the Laplacian in terms only of the radius. This has also been conjectured for

R

up to half the injectivity radius.

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