Asymptotic behavior of semilinear parabolic equations on the circle with time almost-periodic/recurrent dependence

arXiv1701.07131MaRDI QIDQ6282363FDOQ6282363

Authors: Wenxian Shen, Yi Wang, Dun Zhou 

Publication date: 24 January 2017

Abstract: We study topological structure of the $omega$-limit sets of the skew-product semiflow generated by the following scalar reaction-diffusion equation �egin{equation*} u_{t}=u_{xx}+f(t,u,u_{x}),,,t>0,,xin S^{1}=mathbb{R}/2pi mathbb{Z}, end{equation*} where $f(t,u,u_x)$ is $C^2$-admissible with time-recurrent structure including almost-periodicity and almost-automorphy. Contrary to the time-periodic cases (for which any $omega$-limit set can be imbedded into a periodically forced circle flow), it is shown that one cannot expect that any $omega$-limit set can be imbedded into an almost-periodically forced circle flow even if $f$ is uniformly almost-periodic in $t$. More precisely, we prove that, for a given $omega$-limit set $Omega$, if $mdim{V}^c(Omega)leq1$ ($V^c(Omega)$ is the center space associated with $Omega$), then $Omega$ is either spatially-homogeneous or spatially-inhomogeneous; and moreover, any spatially-inhomogeneous $Omega$ can be imbedded into a time-recurrently forced circle flow (resp. imbedded into an almost periodically-forced circle flow if $f$ is uniformly almost-periodic in $t$). On the other hand, when $mdim{V}^c(Omega>1$, it is pointed out that the above embedding property cannot hold anymore. Furthermore, we also show the new phenomena of the residual imbedding into a time-recurrently forced circle flow (resp. into an almost automorphically-forced circle flow if $f$ is uniformly almost-periodic in $t$) provided that $dim{V}^c(Omega)=2$ and $dim{V}^u(Omega)$ is odd. All these results reveal that for such system there are essential differences between time-periodic cases and non-periodic cases.

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