Self-Adjoint Operators in Extended Hilbert Spaces H\oplus W: An Application of the General GKN-EM Theorem

arXiv1704.06950MaRDI QIDQ6285850FDOQ6285850

Authors: Lance L. Littlejohn, R. Wellman 

Publication date: 23 April 2017

Abstract: We construct self-adjoint operators in the direct sum of a complex Hilbert space $H$ and a finite dimensional complex inner product space $W$. The operator theory developed in this paper for the Hilbert space $HoplusW$ is originally motivated by some fourth-order differential operators, studied by Everitt and others, having orthogonal polynomial eigenfunctions. Generated by a closed symmetric operator $T_0$ in $H$ with equal and finite deficiency indices and its adjoint $T_1$, we define extit{families} of minimal operators $widehat{T}_0$ and maximal operators $widehat{T}_1$ in the extended space $HoplusW$ and establish, using a recent theory of complex symplectic geometry, developed by Everitt and Markus, a characterization of self-adjoint extensions of $widehat{T}_0$ when the dimension of the extension space $W$ is not greater than the deficiency index of $T_0$. A generalization of the classical Glazman-Krein-Naimark (GKN) Theorem - called the GKN-EM Theorem to acknowledge the work of Everitt and Markus - is key to finding these self-adjoint extensions in $HoplusW.$ We consider several examples to illustrate our results.

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Eigenvalues, singular values, and eigenvectors (15A18) Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Determinants, permanents, traces, other special matrix functions (15A15) Paths and cycles (05C38)

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