Principal bundle structure of matrix manifolds

DOI10.3390/MATH9141669arXiv1705.04093MaRDI QIDQ6286537FDOQ6286537

Authors: Marie Billaud Friess, Antonio Falcó, A. Nouy

Publication date: 11 May 2017

Abstract: In this paper, we introduce a new geometric description of the manifolds of matrices of fixed rank. The starting point is a geometric description of the Grassmann manifold

m a t h b b G_{r} (m a t h b b R^{k})

of linear subspaces of dimension

r < k

in

m a t h b b R^{k}

which avoids the use of equivalence classes. The set

m a t h b b G_{r} (m a t h b b R^{k})

is equipped with an atlas which provides it with the structure of an analytic manifold modelled on

m a t h b b R^{(k - r) i m e s r}

. Then we define an atlas for the set

m a t h c a l M_{r} (m a t h b b R^{k i m e s r})

of full rank matrices and prove that the resulting manifold is an analytic principal bundle with base

m a t h b b G_{r} (m a t h b b R^{k})

and typical fibre

m a t h r m {G L}_{r}

, the general linear group of invertible matrices in

m a t h b b R^{k i m e s k}

. Finally, we define an atlas for the set

m a t h c a l M_{r} (m a t h b b R^{n i m e s m})

of non-full rank matrices and prove that the resulting manifold is an analytic principal bundle with base

m a t h b b G_{r} (m a t h b b R^{n}) i m e s m a t h b b G_{r} (m a t h b b R^{m})

and typical fibre

m a t h r m {G L}_{r}

. The atlas of

m a t h c a l M_{r} (m a t h b b R^{n i m e s m})

is indexed on the manifold itself, which allows a natural definition of a neighbourhood for a given matrix, this neighbourhood being proved to possess the structure of a Lie group. Moreover, the set

m a t h c a l M_{r} (m a t h b b R^{n i m e s m})

equipped with the topology induced by the atlas is proven to be an embedded submanifold of the matrix space

m a t h b b R^{n i m e s m}

equipped with the subspace topology. The proposed geometric description then results in a description of the matrix space

m a t h b b R^{n i m e s m}

, seen as the union of manifolds

m a t h c a l M_{r} (m a t h b b R^{n i m e s m})

, as an analytic manifold equipped with a topology for which the matrix rank is a continuous map.

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Factorization of matrices (15A23) Numerical linear algebra (65F99) Vector spaces, linear dependence, rank, lineability (15A03) Fiber bundles in algebraic topology (55R10)

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