Reflection positivity and spectral theory

DOI10.1007/S12190-018-1184-XarXiv1705.05262MaRDI QIDQ6286695FDOQ6286695

Publication date: 15 May 2017

Abstract: We consider reflection-positivity (Osterwalder-Schrader positivity, O.S.-p.) as it is used in the study of renormalization questions in physics. In concrete cases, this refers to specific Hilbert spaces that arise before and after the reflection. Our focus is a comparative study of the associated spectral theory, now referring to the canonical operators in these two Hilbert spaces. Indeed, the inner product which produces the respective Hilbert spaces of quantum states changes, and comparisons are subtle. We analyze in detail a number of geometric and spectral theoretic properties connected with axiomatic reflection positivity, as well as their probabilistic counterparts; especially the role of the Markov property. This view also suggests two new theorems, which we prove. In rough outline: It is possible to express OS-positivity purely in terms of a triple of projections in a fixed Hilbert space, and a reflection operator. For such three projections, there is a related property, often referred to as the Markov property; and it is well known that the latter implies the former; i.e., when the reflection is given, then the Markov property implies O.S.-p., but not conversely. In this paper we shall prove two theorems which flesh out a much more precise relationship between the two. We show that for every OS-positive system

l e f t (E_{+}, h e t a i g h t)

, the operator

E_{+} h e t a E_{+}

has a canonical and universal factorization.

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Applications of functional analysis in probability theory and statistics (46N30) Continuous-time Markov processes on general state spaces (60J25) Diffusion processes and stochastic analysis on manifolds (58J65) Numerical methods for integral transforms (65R10) Axiomatic quantum field theory; operator algebras (81T05) Operator algebra methods applied to problems in quantum theory (81R15) Quantum stochastic calculus (81S25) Algebras of unbounded operators; partial algebras of operators (47L60) Noncommutative geometry methods in quantum field theory (81T75)

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