Progressions and Paths in Colorings of \mathbb Z

Abstract: A

e x t i t l a d d e r

is a set

S s u b s e t e q m a t h b b Z^{+}

such that any finite coloring of

m a t h b b Z

contains arbitrarily long monochromatic progressions with common difference in

S

. Van der Waerden's theorem famously asserts that

m a t h b b Z^{+}

itself is a ladder. We also discuss variants of ladders, namely

e x t i t a c c e s s i b l e

and

e x t i t w a l k a b l e

sets, which are sets

S

such that any coloring of

m a t h b b Z

contains arbitrarily long (for accessible sets) or infinite (for walkable sets) monochromatic sequences with consecutive differences in

S

. We show that sets with upper density 1 are ladders and walkable. We also show that all directed graphs with infinite chromatic number are accessible, and reduce the bound on the walkability order of sparse sets from 3 to 2, making it tight.

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